An OWL 2 ontology for describing parameter-specified delivery of structured sensory input, including techniques, protocols, implementations, exposure conditions, observations, safety metadata, and evidence-qualified claims.
BSC-specific voice, grouping, permutation, audio synthesis, visual, haptic, and authoring parameters over the generic configuration and session model.
Characteristic physical delivery media asserted for vocabulary-owned stimulation and neuromodulation techniques.
Conservatively scoped mappings from SSTIM classes and concepts to verified Wikidata, OBO Foundry, and SNOMED CT resources.
Evidence assessments, atomic propositions, qualified bases, scope, references, searches, reviews, provenance, and public-claim governance.
Generic engine configurations, tracks, defaults, revision links, and configuration-to-stimulus, technique, framework, and caution relations.
Multilingual SKOS concept schemes and dual-typed controlled values for sensory stimulation modalities, mechanisms, techniques, evidence, cautions, session reporting, and implementation metadata.
Optional outcome relations connecting generic evidence concepts with neuromodulation access-route, target-site, system, and phenomenon facets.
Optional range axioms connecting generic evidence scope and basis relations to exposure profiles and experiment contexts.
Optional shared descriptors used across SSTIM concerns: bands, modalities, mechanisms, temporal structure, delivery approach, cautions, and calibrated channel quantities.
Planned stimulation interventions, session specifications and executions, configuration overrides, and consent-governed self-reports.
Reusable SSTIM module for separating physical delivery medium, perceived modality, device capability, body placement, comfort boundary, experiment context, effect claims, and knowledge status.
Reusable SSTIM module for the sensory-stimulation ecosystem: a neutral agent umbrella, qualified relationship and membership records, implementation responsibility, a retractable approved public projection, append-only private operational activities, and controlled relationship, purpose, and outcome vocabularies. Carries no personal data; named agents are curated implementation data.
Reusable technique, framework, protocol, and implementation semantics, independent of neuromodulation and evidence claims.
The ADR 0034–0037 neuromodulation, neurostimulation, self-regulation, neural-facet, and neuroplasticity extension.
The stimulus-description half of the SSTIM Core Profile: engine-independent specifications, channels, regime, duration, and optional stimulation target.
Ontologia de Estimulação Sensorial (SSTIM)
Ontologia della Stimolazione Sensoriale (SSTIM)
Ontología de Estimulación Sensorial (SSTIM)
SSTIM BSC Catalog and Patch Studio Profile Module
SSTIM Common Extension Module
SSTIM Controlled Vocabulary
SSTIM Core Stimulus Description Module
SSTIM Ecosystem Module
SSTIM Engine Configuration Module
SSTIM Evidence and Research Governance Module
SSTIM Evidence–Exposure Bridge Module
SSTIM Exposure and Experiment Module
SSTIM External Alignments
SSTIM Intervention and Session Module
SSTIM Neuromodulation Extension Module
SSTIM Neuromodulation–Evidence Bridge Module
SSTIM Technique, Framework, and Protocol Module
SSTIM Technique–Exposure Bridge Module
Sensory Stimulation Ontology (SSTIM)
0.4.0 — added left/right laterality body placements, quantitative stimulus datatype properties (frequency, flicker rate, beat frequency, duty cycle, gain, phase), the ExposureLimit class with quantified optical/flicker/hearing safety boundaries citing external standards, and the affordsDeliveryMedium capability-to-medium relation. Grounds the Sensory Field interface (ADR 0011).
0.4.1 — added the sstim-ex: to sstim-v: perceived-modality/sensory-channel closeMatch bridge and the somatosensory/haptic/tactile/vibrotactile convention scope notes (ADR 0019, P5.5). Released as part of SSTIM 0.5.0. Additive; no terms removed or renamed.
0.6.0 adds structured caution severity and action metadata, self-report phases, explicit SKOS inverse links, and stronger operational definitions while retaining every 0.5.0 term IRI.
0.6.0 narrows mappings that had conflated SSTIM's domain with brainwave-entrainment or therapy concepts, removes an unverified Music Ontology association, records the corrected MeSH audit, removes obsolete OBI_0000011, and limits OBI protocol alignment to the actual SSTIM protocol class.
0.6.0 — completes operational definitions for every exposure concept, materializes SKOS inverse links for non-reasoning clients, adds precise union domains and scalar cardinalities, and strengthens exposure SHACL coverage. Additive at the term level.
0.7.0 adds orthogonal evidence-basis, proposition, scope, search, source-governance, review, and ecosystem relationship/purpose/outcome controlled values. Legacy overloaded evidence tags remain deprecated for compatibility.
0.7.0 — ADR 0031 replaces the initial flat agent-level relationship and consent surface with qualified relationship, membership, implementation-responsibility, and engagement records; the approved public graph is current-state while complete operational history is private and append-only. The original ADR 0024 properties remain deprecated for migration only. 2026-07-19 — ADR 0032 adds sstim-eco:publicationStatus as a second, backward-compatible admission basis: a relationship may be admitted to the public graph at any truthful non-approved status (e.g. notified) so the person it describes can review it in context before consenting; the person-consent gate on a claimed publicationStatus of outcomePublicationApproved is unchanged.
Initial exposure module for post-0.3.0 ontology work. The module does not assert physiological or health effects directly; those statements must be modeled as qualified claims with evidence or knowledge status.
The 2026-08-08 Wikidata review adds a conservative close match for monaural beats and weakens the binaural-beats technique mapping because Wikidata Q863539 also represents a perceptual phenomenon and music genre.
Tranche 1 of the reviewed external mapping pass, 2026-09-05, adds 57 mappings to MeSH descriptors, UBERON anatomical classes and Wikidata items across techniques, neural phenomena, neural systems and neural target sites, and brings the module from two external vocabularies to four. Every target was dereferenced at its own authority; the evidence, the rejected candidates and the predicate reasoning are in docs/ontology/ALIGNMENT_CANDIDATES.md.
Tranche 2, 2026-09-06, maps 23 delivery media to MeSH physical-agent descriptors and Wikidata physics concepts, and is the first tranche to reach the exposure namespace, which the module now declares as a dependency. Where a scope note settles containment the row says so rather than defaulting to closeMatch: MeSH Light spans visible, ultraviolet and infrared and is broader than this vocabulary's visible-light medium, while MeSH Sound is the audible band and is contained by its acoustic energy. Eleven media in the same scheme stay unmapped, and two exact-label candidates were rejected as ablative or as a measurement.
Tranche 3, 2026-09-07, adds 17 Wikidata mappings across signal shapes, audio noise colours and study designs. Wikidata carries it alone because MeSH's study-design descriptors are publication types, describing an article rather than the design of the study it reports, which is what this vocabulary classifies. Two rows deliberately avoid a better-matching label: shapeNoise takes the signal-processing sense rather than noise as unwanted sound, and shapeEnvelope the waveform envelope rather than the stationery item.
v0.1.0 (2026-04): Initial public release. Vocabulary seeded from BSC preset catalog v0.9.1. Term 'Sensory Stimulation' adopted as the established umbrella over the coined term 'Sensory Harnessing'.
v0.10.0 (2026-07-24): Participant-engagement and contrast-set completion release (ADR 0035), from the 2026-07-22 Theo Marins interview. Adds a sixth orthogonal facet, sstim:ParticipantEngagementMode with the sstim:participantEngagementMode property and a passive-receptive / guided-following / active-self-regulatory scheme, distinguishing self-regulatory and cue-following practices from receptive exposure without touching the ADR 0034 axes. Catalogues electroconvulsive therapy in the non-sensory neuromodulation contrast set, and catalogues neurofeedback and biofeedback at the neutral sstim:StimulationTechnique layer — sensory-in, endogenous self-regulation out — rather than reopening sstim:Neuromodulation's exclusion of endogenous physiological neuromodulation. Names an invasive/minimally-invasive/non-invasive rollup over the delivery-approach values as SKOS collections, not a new primitive axis. ADR 0036 then resolves the two questions ADR 0035 parked: it disambiguates neuromodulation's intervention sense (pinned on sstim:Neuromodulation, its exclusion refined to admit deliberate self-directed but not spontaneous physiological modulation) from its effect sense (kept as a facet over sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon, named by the sstim-v:NeuromodulatoryEffectCollection); adds sstim:Neurostimulation as the stimulation-based branch of interventional neuromodulation, with electric/magnetic/sensory as facet views rather than subclasses; adds the sstim:SelfDirectedNeuromodulation / sstim:InterventionalNeuromodulation split and re-types neurofeedback and biofeedback as self-directed neuromodulation techniques; and adds sstim:Neuroplasticity as a disposition stub. Additive and backward-compatible on mutable latest apart from one scope-note refinement on sstim:Neuromodulation and the two technique re-typings; no term removed or renamed.
v0.11.0 (2026-07-24): Gate A/B stabilization release (2026-07-24 RDF structure and publication audit). Gate A (release integrity, RDF-01/02/03/11/12): the frozen 0.8.0-0.10.0 snapshots each self-cite the v0.7.0 Zenodo DOI (10.5281/zenodo.21380171) and citation string instead of their own version DOI, uncaught for lack of a release gate cross-checking header version, status, history text, version DOI, and citation together; corrected going forward by removing the stale dct:hasVersion / dct:bibliographicCitation pending this version's Zenodo DOI reservation (0.5.0 precedent), fixing the v0.10.0 history entry's leftover 'under development' qualifier, and synchronizing every module's owl:versionInfo and header comment. The affected 0.8.0-0.10.0 snapshots remain byte-identical historical records pending a visible erratum. Gate B (semantic stabilization, ADR 0037): adds sstim:DeliberateSelfRegulation as the neutral genus above no-applied-stimulus self-directed practices, narrowing sstim:SelfDirectedNeuromodulation to stimulus-mediated cases only (RDF-04); asserts sstim:SensoryNeurostimulation / sstim:SensoryNeurostimulationTechnique below sstim:Neurostimulation as an intersection class, retyping sstim-v:techGamma40Auditory accordingly (RDF-05); repairs three sstim-exposure.ttl property domains to union types matching their own definitions (RDF-09); removes two duplicate scheme definitions and completes the EvidenceModalityScheme/EvidenceModalityTag deprecation (RDF-13/RDF-15); adds sstim:primaryFrequencyBand replacing the unordered-property 'first entry is primary' claim, and downgrades five frequency-band-to-Wikidata mappings from exactMatch to closeMatch pending the deferred oscillation-band/stimulus-target split (RDF-08 partial); and adds the missing bfo:0000016 display-label stub (RDF-17). Additive and backward-compatible: no term removed; the only narrowing (SelfDirectedNeuromodulation) had zero instance-level blast radius.
v0.12.0 (2026-07-31): Description-layer release (ADR 0041, ADR 0042). Separates four layers that were conflated: the stimulation process, an engine-independent description of it, the engine configuration that produces it, and the execution of that configuration. sstim:Preset is redefined as the engine-configuration layer and is engine-dependent by nature — its former definition named "audio architecture" as a constituent, which described the BSC catalog format rather than presets and contradicted sstim-ex:StimulusChannel in this same ontology; skos:altLabel "Patch" records that the two words name one thing, and engine-specific schemas are conformance profiles rather than classes. sstim:Patch, added in 0.11.x under ADR 0040, is withdrawn on those grounds before any consumer depended on it; sstim:Track and its four disjoint subtypes are retained as genuinely general, and sstim:Voice is now asserted below sstim:AudioTrack, a subsumption ADR 0040 declined and ADR 0041 reinstates once the Patch Studio control tracks were renamed LFO and Permutation so that one name no longer covered both an audible layer and a silent one. New module sstim-stimulus.ttl supplies the missing description layer: sstim:StimulusSpecification states what reaches the target in physical or perceptual units (dB SPL, cd/m2, Hz) rather than engine controls, over the existing sstim-ex:StimulusChannel set, with a required regime facet — determinate, stochastic, or adaptive — because a closed-loop stimulus has no static description in principle and what is describable there is a control law. It also adds the stimulation target axis, admitting people, non-human animals, plants, objects and unoccupied space, with absence permitted and carrying no claim that a target perceives, responds or benefits; and three session liberties that had nowhere to live: disablesTrack, masterBrightness and scheduledStart. Additive and backward-compatible apart from the withdrawal of the three-day-old sstim:Patch: no other term removed, and the widened property domains are unions, which weaken entailment rather than invalidate any existing assertion.
v0.13.0 (2026-08-04): The modular release (ADR 0043, ADR 0044, ADR 0045). sstim-core.ttl was a catch-all mixing stimulation, techniques, protocols, neuromodulation, evidence, configuration, sessions, caution metadata, and BSC voice terms; its 385 declared terms are redistributed across 18 manifest-owned modules, each with one authoritative source, one ontology IRI, and a declared direct dependency set. No term was added, removed, or renamed, and the Full union preserves 0.12.0 semantics, verified by make full-equivalence. sstim-core.ttl becomes the dependency-free Kernel. sstim-ex:StimulusChannel keeps its IRI but moves from Exposure to Stimulus so the Core Profile does not depend on the optional Exposure concern, and its definition broadens to cover a stimulus specification. Four named profiles gain conformance contracts executed against their own closures.
v0.14.0 (2026-08-13): The session-record release (ADR 0048). Closes audit findings KR-02 and KR-03. Adds the execution timeline — sstim:SessionEvent with a ten-member controlled type scheme, placed by sstim:sessionClockOffsetSeconds on the session timing context and measured from sstim:clockOriginSeconds, with sstim:hasTimingAuthority naming the surface that produced it; ordering lives in the offset because an RDF graph is a set. Separates sstim:deliveredDurationSeconds from elapsed duration, since a paused session and a shorter one are not the same exposure. Adds sstim:hasReproducibilityLevel, sstim:configurationDigest and sstim:digestAlgorithm so a specification states what it can promise and shows its source has not moved. Adds qualified participant observations: sstim:ParticipantObservation with a required six-value response state, so none-reported, not-asked and declined stop collapsing into the one silence an absent triple produces; sstim:UnwantedExperienceObservation with participant-reported severity, onset, persistence, action, resolution and participant-perceived relatedness, deliberately not named a side effect because that asserts a causal medical conclusion a participant report cannot establish; sstim:ObservationInstrument, because answers are not comparable across instrument versions; and sstim-v:reportDuringSession as the fourth collection phase. The five legacy self-report scalars remain valid as documented simple projections, so no existing record became non-conformant, and every 0.12 baseline triple survives.
v0.15.0 (2026-08-17): The signal-layer release, closing the last four Phase 1 audit findings (KR-04, KR-07, KR-08, KR-09). ADR 0052 separates an abstract signal from its sensory renderings: sstim:StimulationSignal is a time-varying function with a frequency extent and a shape and no modality, and sstim:SignalRendering binds it to one stimulus channel's parameter by a named mechanism, stating whether the result is physically present or perceptually constructed — so two channels naming one signal are two renderings of one design, asserted rather than inferred from two decimals that happen to match. Carrier and modulator are a rendering rather than the universal structure, and sstim:renderingCarrierHz therefore lives on the rendering: a carrier exists because 10 Hz falls below the audible range, while a 10 Hz flicker or vibration is presented directly and has none. Perceptual presence is stated once on each rendering mechanism through sstim:impliesPresence and read from there, so a monaural beat declared perceptual no longer passes as it did under a rule naming only the binaural case. sstim-ex:hasFrequencyHz becomes the generic parent of sstim-ex:hasCarrierFrequencyHz, sstim-ex:hasToneFrequencyHz and sstim-ex:hasModulationFrequencyHz rather than being deprecated — it had carried two meanings under one name — and drops owl:FunctionalProperty, because a channel presenting a 200 Hz carrier modulated at 10 Hz has two frequencies and a functional parent would have entailed 200 = 10; each child keeps functionality, and every existing assertion stays valid while now answering the generic question by entailment. sstim:hzMin and sstim:hzMax widen from FrequencyBand to a union with StimulationSignal, since noise spans a range rather than sitting at a point, and three SHACL-SPARQL constraints now hold the signal/band interval relations to the arithmetic they assert. ADR 0049 adds sstim:NeuralOscillationType and six named rhythms, each carrying its conventional ambit, the wider range it actually occupies, the topography that identifies it alongside frequency, and the state it is observed in; outcome prose and five Wikidata mappings move off the frequency bands onto the rhythms those items describe, and nothing is deleted — three associations become evidence assessments with a tier and a citation, seven become dated knowledge-status assertions recording that a widely repeated association is unevidenced. A band is a conventional ambit and a Hz range, not the rhythm delimited by it. ADR 0050 replaces the public-claim gate's single tier test with an eight-clause applicability contract requiring supporting direction, sufficient tier, the subject as both proposition subject and scope intervention, a declared population, a modality the preset actually delivers, a public-safe citation that is also one of its own evidence bases, a confirming review decision with no contradicting decision against the same revision, and no deprecation or supersession; under it no claim in SSTIM currently authorizes C3 or C5, because no evidence review has ever been run, and that count is intended rather than a defect. ADR 0051 gives SSTIM its own preset contract, composed of modality-declaring components rather than audio voices, taking the numeric parameter ranges from the BioSynCare catalog format and none of its structure. Every published class, property and concept now carries a skos:definition — all 17 frequency bands had none, each now generated from its own bounds so the interval and the definition cannot disagree — and skos:notation uniqueness is stated per category, which is the rule controlled-value resolution had always assumed without checking. Additive and backward-compatible: no term removed or renamed, both domain widenings are unions, and the single functionality drop weakens entailment rather than invalidating any existing assertion.
v0.16.0 (2026-08-18): The conformance and interoperability release. ADR 0054 puts every profile closure in OWL 2 DL for the first time: SSTIM reused 57 terms from SKOS, Dublin Core, PROV, ORG, VOAF, VoID, VANN, FOAF, BIBO, MOD, Creative Commons and the OBO uppers without the declaration axiom OWL 2 DL requires, producing 5935 profile violations of which skos:prefLabel alone accounted for 1443. All 57 are declared here in the Kernel, the one module present in every closure; they state the role each term was already used in and change no entailment. No gate could see this and one actively hid it — ROBOT loads non-strictly, so an undeclared annotation property was silently coerced into one and HermiT was handed a well-formed DL ontology, passing for months while the published artifact was OWL Full. make validate-profile now asserts all four closures directly. xsd:date is declared for the same reason; xsd:duration was removed rather than declared, because OWL 2 DL rejects a defined datatype in a datatype restriction however it arrives, so sstim-ex:limitAveragingTime is deprecated with dct:isReplacedBy in favour of the xsd:decimal sstim-ex:limitAveragingTimeSeconds — the one breaking change, four published triples, discoverable from the graph. ADR 0025 is accepted and its demonstrator built: a versioned one-way SSTIM-to-HED crosswalk over sstim-v:SessionEventTypeScheme, validated by the HED Working Group's own hedtools against a pinned 8.4.0, with declared information loss that is tested in both directions rather than asserted. Decision 5 distinguishes a fixed, an explicitly segmented and a continuously modulated stimulus, and forbids flattening the last into one row; the segmented case needed a term SSTIM did not have, so this release adds sstim-v:eventParameterChanged as an eleventh session event type, sstim:StimulationParameterKind with a five-member modality-neutral scheme — level, carrier frequency, modulation frequency, duty cycle, phase offset, quantities rather than one application's field names — and sstim:hasChangedParameter with sstim:parameterValueBefore/parameterValueAfter. A session event could previously carry nothing but its type and its clock offset, which is also why two of the crosswalk's loss statements had been false in the flattering direction, telling consumers to read values from a record with nowhere to hold them. Discrete changes the specification does not contain are events; a modulation it declares in full stays declarative and is rendered as a linked trace, and that line is written into sstim:hasChangedParameter rather than left to prose. The SKOS vocabulary becomes fully multilingual: all 551 concepts carry English, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish preferred labels across all 68 schemes, every scheme carries dct:license, and make language-coverage holds both properties against regression while forbidding a translation that gives two concepts one label where English distinguishes them. Definitions remain English-only by decision, and the labels have had no native review. sstim-alignments.ttl stops restating five upper-ontology axioms the defining modules already assert, so each axiom is stated exactly once.
v0.17.0 (2026-09-07): The external-alignment release. The alignment module goes from 13 mappings over two external vocabularies to 110 over four, in three reviewed tranches: neural oscillations, techniques, phenomena, systems and target sites against MeSH descriptors, UBERON classes and Wikidata items; 23 delivery media, mostly MeSH physical-agent descriptors; and 17 signal shapes, audio noise colours and study designs. ADR 0057 records how a predicate is chosen and how a target is proved, because a released mapping is a citable commitment: a therapy or indication framing on the external side is an intension difference and gives closeMatch; demonstrable containment is written as broadMatch or narrowMatch rather than flattened, so MeSH Light, which spans visible, ultraviolet and infrared, is broader than this vocabulary's visible-light medium, while MeSH Sound, the audible band, is contained by its acoustic energy; an ADR 0021 controlled value never takes exactMatch to the entity it classifies; and a target is dereferenced at its own authority before assertion, label similarity never being evidence. make alignment-verify is the executable form of that last rule and resolves all 110 at Wikidata, the NLM endpoints, EBI OLS4 and tx.fhir.org; three published mappings had previously been wrong in exactly the way it now catches. skos:broadMatch is declared in the Kernel, which nothing had used before and whose absence took the Full closure out of OWL 2 DL the moment the first one landed, the same class of omission ADR 0054 fixed for 57 other reused terms. The module also reaches the exposure namespace for the first time and declares that dependency. Separately, 37 skos:altLabel aliases across 30 concepts take alias coverage from 16 on 9: the acronyms nothing could resolve (tDCS, tACS, rTMS, DBS, VNS, ECT, ASMR, RAS, LIFU, AVE, CLAS, RCT, ANS), the plain names the preferred labels bury, and the systemAutonomic divergence the alignment work exposed, labelled autonomic system where every authority says autonomic nervous system. No term was added, removed or renamed, and every profile closure is unchanged in membership.
v0.2.0 (2026-06): Added sstim:CautionTag, sstim:VoiceType, and sstim:PermutationFunction classification classes and the sstim:hasCautionTag property; dual-typed the caution, voice-type, permutation, and stimulus-temporal-structure SKOS concepts; added the StimulusTemporalStructure concept scheme; completed it/pt/es prefLabel coverage across the vocabulary; added external upper-ontology label stubs. Backward-compatible minor release (no terms removed or renamed).
v0.2.0 erratum (2026-06): Corrected external alignment IRIs that had been wrong since 0.1.0: every Wikidata QID (all resolved to unrelated entities), the EvidenceClaim parent (iao:0000001 'conditional specification' → iao:0000030 'information content entity'), the obsolete OBI planned-process parent (added cob:0000082), a non-existent ORCID (replaced with the verified ORCID 0000-0002-9699-629X), and a dead repository link. No vocabulary terms changed.
v0.3.0 (2026-06): Added sstim-v:TechniqueScheme — a vendor-neutral controlled vocabulary of auditory and cross-modal sensory stimulation techniques — together with seven new StimulationMechanism concepts (ASSR, auditory-motor coupling, closed-loop phase reinforcement, masking, vibrotactile mechanoreception, acoustic startle, ultrasonic neuromodulation) and the sstim:techniqueModality property. Two non-evidence-bearing folk techniques are catalogued and explicitly flagged via skos:editorialNote. Additive, backward-compatible release (no terms removed or renamed).
v0.5.0 (2026-07): Domain-content coverage (P5) and evidence-integrity governance (P7). Added visual, tactile, and cross-modal techniques with the steady-state evoked-potential mechanism family (SSVEP, SSSEP, multisensory integration) (ADR 0015); reference-pitch retuning with the carrier-vs-modulation evidence firewall (ADR 0017); the modality-nomenclature cleanup — the somatosensory/haptic/tactile/vibrotactile convention and the sstim-v: to sstim-ex: perceived-modality closeMatch bridge (ADR 0019); visual/tactile/multisensory evidence-modality tags (VIS, TACTILE, MULTISENSORY); the C0-C5 public-claim-level taxonomy with SHACL claim-legality and the conditional-citation constraint (ADR 0018); and the first populated technique EvidenceClaim instances (P5.4, instance data). Version 0.4.0 was the standalone exposure / Sensory Field module release (ADR 0010, 0011). Additive, backward-compatible (no terms removed or renamed).
v0.6.0 (2026-07): Semantic-quality release. Controlled vocabulary categories are modeled consistently as information content entities; session specifications are PROV plans and session instances are stimulation interventions; self-reports support explicit collection phases; caution tags carry machine-readable severity and action metadata; scalar cardinalities, definitions, evidence provenance, and integrity constraints are strengthened. An external automated audit removed the obsolete OBI planned-process superclass, narrowed the technique upper alignment, completed FAIR metadata, and corrected safety-source attribution. The maintainer guided and accepted the release review; independent human ontology review is deferred. See ADR 0021, ADR 0022, and the 2026-07-10 external automated review report.
v0.7.0 (2026-07): Evidence and ecosystem governance release. ADR 0027 replaces overloaded evidence claims with immutable assessment revisions, atomic bounded propositions, qualified evidence bases, explicit scope axes, source/search governance, and PROV review decisions while retaining deprecated compatibility terms. ADRs 0024 and 0031 add the neutral EcosystemAgent module, qualified relationships and memberships, implementation responsibility, purpose-scoped admission activities, a closed public projection, and separate access-controlled audit shapes. Public fixtures are synthetic; real live-only ecosystem records remain outside the Zenodo-tracked release repository.
v0.9.0 (2026-07): Stimulation and neuromodulation release (ADR 0034). Adds a neutral sstim:Stimulation umbrella and sstim:Neuromodulation sibling at the process, intervention, technique, and protocol layers, with the overlap named at each layer as a defined intersection class requiring an intended canonical sensory-transduction route: neither family subsumes the other. Adds five orthogonal facet axes — neural access route, delivery approach, neural target site, neural system, and neural phenomenon — kept separate because a route, a dynamic, a system, and an outcome domain are not values on one scale, and reused across intended, proposed-mechanism, and observed-outcome roles by distinct properties. Shared domains and ranges widen to the neutral parents so a non-sensory technique can be the subject of a conformant evidence assessment. Retypes focused-ultrasound neuromodulation off the sensory hierarchy and redefines it by its intended focused neural target rather than by absence of an audible percept; deprecates five response-as-mechanism entries (FFR, ASSR, SSVEP, SSSEP, acoustic startle) in favour of typed neural-phenomenon concepts, removing their mechanism typing and scheme topology rather than deprecating alone. Relabels TechniqueScheme, whose IRI was never sensory-scoped. Catalogues a six-technique non-sensory contrast set (rTMS, tDCS, tACS, DBS, VNS, targeted intrathecal delivery) so the route axis is exercised; none is referenced by any BSC preset, framework, protocol, or implementation, and inclusion asserts neither capability nor efficacy nor safety. Replaces the SHACL escape hatch in which any skos:editorialNote suppressed structural requirements with composed, disjointly-targeted shapes. Breaking on mutable latest for consumers of the retyped focused-ultrasound entry and the five deprecated mechanism IRIs; frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain their published entailments.
under development
evidence notes
Internal human-readable note on evidence basis and caveats. Not for user-facing display.
modified at
Timestamp attached to a mutable annotation record when it was last edited. Ontology and evidence resources should use dct:modified and PROV-O for publication provenance.
modified by
Identifier attached to a mutable annotation record for the actor that last edited it. Published RDF should use prov:wasAttributedTo for agent provenance.
assesses proposition
Links an evidence assessment to the single atomic bounded proposition it evaluates.
basis comparator
A comparator the basis source used, as source-level metadata.
basis intervention
The studied technique, protocol, intervention, or exposure profile this basis source is about (for example paced breathing rather than an auditory cue).
basis modality applicability
How sensory modality applies to this basis source: mixed, unknown/not reported, or not applicable.
basis observed effect direction
The direction of an outcome the basis source reports, as source-level metadata.
basis observed outcome
An outcome concept the basis source reports on, as source-level metadata distinct from the assessment proposition.
basis sensory modality
A canonical sensory modality the basis source explicitly supports. Zero modalities requires an explicit modality-applicability value.
basis source
The single source of a qualified evidence basis: a bibliographic reference, a governed research output, or an evidence search record.
basis study design
The design of the underlying studies contributing to this basis source.
basis study model
The model or stage of this basis source's findings (human, preclinical animal, in vitro, computational).
basis study population
The identified population studied by this basis source.
basis synthesis type
The synthesis level of this basis source (primary study, narrative review, systematic review, meta-analysis, literature review, tutorial).
cites reference
Links an evidence assessment to a bibliographic reference. For every bibliographic basis source the assessment carries a matching citesReference triple (ADR 0027); publication clearance is a separate concern (ADR 0029).
composed of
Links a preset to its 1–6 voice specifications.
composed of track
Links an engine configuration to the layers it is composed of. Distinct from sstim:composedOf, which links a BSC catalog preset to its voices: a configuration whose schema has generic layers uses this, one whose schema has the four catalog voice types uses that.
conflict disclosure
A conflict-of-interest disclosure record attached to an independence determination, including the explicit no-conflict-declared record.
custodian
The agent that owns or is custodian of a governed research output.
defined by framework
Links a protocol to the broader framework that defines or constrains it. The domain is the general OBI protocol class, not a stimulation protocol: a capability-boundary or baseline protocol can be authored and constrained by a framework without thereby becoming stimulation (ADR 0034 §7).
defines technique
Links a sensory stimulation framework to a technique that it defines or governs.
derived from
Links a preset to its immediate predecessor preset version. The relation is directional, asymmetric, and not transitive; use repeated links to traverse a longer revision history.
describes stimulation
Links a specification, which is an information artifact, to the stimulation process it describes.
disables track
A layer of the configuration that this session turns off — a soundscape left out, an ambience muted. Listing what was disabled keeps the configuration itself unmodified, so the same preset remains comparable across sessions that used it differently.
evaluates subject
Links an evidence assessment to the preset or technique it evaluates. Neutral: the assessment's direction lives exclusively in hasClaimDirection. Replaces the directionally misleading supportsRelation.
follows protocol
Links a preset to the sensory stimulation protocol whose rules or constraints it follows.
for implementation
Links a preset to the implementation whose parameter model it configures.
has assessment scope
The single explicit scope of an assessment proposition.
has caution severity
Assigns exactly one interface-priority severity category to a caution tag.
has caution tag
Links a preset to a safety or usage advisory flag. A preset may carry zero or more caution tags.
has changed parameter
Identifies which delivery quantity an event changed, for the events that change one: a parameter the participant or protocol altered mid-session, and a value a safety boundary constrained.
Only for discrete changes that the record cannot otherwise recover. A modulation declared in the specification — a breathing period gliding from one value to another over a stated transition — is already fully described there, and restating it as events would create a second source able to disagree with the first.
has claim direction
Whether the cited evidence supports, is mixed on, is inconclusive about, or refutes the asserted relation.
has delivery modality
Links an executed sensory stimulation intervention to one or more broad controlled modality categories engaged by its delivery. Use the exposure module for channel-level physical-medium and perceived-modality detail.
has effect direction (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: observed effect direction is source-level metadata; use sstim:basisObservedEffectDirection on the qualified evidence basis. Appears only in the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view.
has event type
Identifies the single controlled category of an observed session event.
has evidence basis
Links an evidence assessment to a qualified basis. Every assessment has at least one.
has evidence tier
Links an evidence claim to its strength classification tier, accounting for study quality and modality matching.
has experience category
Identifies the single controlled category describing this experience.
has independence determination
The policy-based independence determination of a review decision. External relationship never implies independence.
has instrument
Identifies the single versioned instrument that produced this report's observations.
has intended effect
Links a preset to one or more controlled design-intent categories. The relation describes purpose and does not assert that the effect occurred.
has modality tag (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: the tag mixed sensory modality with study model and synthesis type. Authoritative data uses the orthogonal basis axes (basisSensoryModality, basisModalityApplicability, basisStudyModel, basisSynthesisType, basisIntervention). Appears only in the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view; removed no earlier than 1.0.
has observation
Links a self-report to the qualified observations collected in it.
has observation role
Identifies the single thing this observation observes.
has onset phase
Locates when this experience began relative to the session.
has perceived relatedness
Records whether the participant perceived this experience as connected to the session.
A perception, not a finding. No query, export, or aggregation may read this as an attribution of cause.
has persistence
Records how long the experience persisted, as a controlled category.
has proposition form
The single controlled logical form of an assessment proposition.
has public claim level
Links a preset to the highest public-facing claim level its user-facing copy uses. The legality constraint (PresetShape, ADR 0018) checks that supporting evidence meets the level's required tier.
has rendering mechanism
How the rendering produces the signal in this channel: amplitude modulation of a carrier, a binaural or monaural beat, direct presentation.
has rendering presence
Whether this rendering puts the signal physically into the world or produces it perceptually. Required on every rendering, because evidence does not transfer freely between the two.
has report phase
Identifies the single collection phase of a session-associated self-report.
has reported severity
Records how severe the participant said this experience was.
has reproducibility level
States which reproduction claim this specification supports. Required to be stated rather than assumed: this class's own definition promises fully determined output, which is a stronger claim than a specification alone can honour when the engine is not pinned.
has resolution state
Records the state the experience reached.
has response action
Records what the participant did in response.
has response state
States why this observation does or does not carry a value. Required on every observation: an observation whose absence of value is unexplained cannot be interpreted or aggregated safely.
has review decision
The outcome of a review decision: confirm, request revision, or reject.
has review status (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: review state is derived from immutable EvidenceReviewDecision records, not stored as a mutable status. A non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view may derive it; it is excluded from validation and authorization.
has reviewer relationship
The reviewer's relationship to the assessed work: self, same organization, external, or unknown.
has self-report
Links a session instance to zero or more consent-governed self-reports collected at explicit phases. Multiple reports support pre/post and follow-up observations without overwriting prior data.
has session event
Links a recorded execution to the occurrences observed during it. Order is carried by each event's offset rather than by the order of these statements, because an RDF graph has no statement order.
has signal
Links a stimulus specification to a signal it describes. A specification may carry several, and several channels may render the same one.
has signal rendering
Links a stimulus channel to a rendering it presents.
has signal shape
The form of the signal: a periodic shape, an envelope, noise, or a sampled recording.
has source governance record
Links a governed research output to its single immutable source-governance record.
has stimulation target
What the stimulation is directed at: a person, a non-human animal, a plant, an object or material, or a place. Absence is meaningful and permitted — a stimulation characterised as present in unoccupied space has no target.
Deliberately broad. SSTIM describes sensory stimulation wherever it is applied, and restricting the target to humans would exclude animal work, plant and material studies, and the characterisation of an environment independently of who is in it. Being a target carries no claim that the target perceives, responds, or benefits.
has stimulus channel
Links a specification to a channel through which stimulation reaches the subject.
has stimulus temporal structure
Links a stimulation technique to one or more controlled descriptions of its temporal organization, such as periodic, quasi-periodic, aperiodic, adaptive, continuous, pulsed, or scheduled administration.
has timing authority
Identifies the single timing surface whose readings produced this execution's clock origin and event offsets.
has typical frequency band
Links a named neural oscillation to the conventional Hz ambit by which it is usually delimited. The ambit is a measurement convention rather than a boundary of the phenomenon: see sstim:extendedHzMin and sstim:extendedHzMax for the wider range the rhythm is reported to occupy.
implements framework
Links an implementation to the framework it realizes.
implements protocol
Links an implementation to a protocol it realizes.
implies presence
The presence a mechanism necessarily produces. Whether a signal physically reaches the subject or is constructed by the nervous system is a fact about the mechanism, not a choice a curator makes per rendering: amplitude modulation puts a real modulation into the world and a binaural beat never does.
Stated on the mechanism so a rendering names only its mechanism and the presence follows, which is the pattern sstim:requiresEvidenceTierRank uses on claim levels. sstim:hasRenderingPresence may still be asserted, and a SHACL constraint rejects any rendering whose stated presence contradicts its mechanism.
in group
Links a preset to its group classification. Each preset belongs to exactly one group.
incorporates technique
Links a sensory stimulation framework to a pre-existing, vendor-neutral technique that it uses but did not originate. Distinct from sstim:definesTechnique, which is reserved for techniques the framework itself defines or governs; a framework that merely applies binaural beats or photic driving incorporates them rather than defining them.
independence policy
The named policy whose criteria an independence determination applied. Required for independent and not-independent determinations.
intended neural phenomenon
Links a stimulation process, technique, protocol, or intervention to the functional neural phenomenon it is intended to affect. Records target intention, not an observed result.
intended neural system
Links a stimulation process, technique, protocol, or intervention to the distributed neural system it is intended to engage. Independent of the entry route: targeting the auditory system does not imply entering through it.
intended neural target site
Links a stimulation process, technique, protocol, or intervention to the broad nervous-system site it is intended to engage. Records target intention, never delivered dose or observed effect.
mechanism neural access route
Tags a proposed mechanism with the neural access route it invokes. Hypothesis metadata: it never reclassifies the technique that proposes the mechanism.
mechanism neural phenomenon
Tags a proposed mechanism with the functional neural phenomenon it invokes. Hypothesis metadata.
mechanism neural system
Tags a proposed mechanism with the distributed neural system it invokes. Hypothesis metadata.
mechanism neural target site
Tags a proposed mechanism with the neural site it invokes. Hypothesis metadata, distinct from a technique's intended target and from an evaluated outcome.
neural access route
Links a stimulation process, technique, protocol, intervention, or stimulus channel to the biological route through which its neural target is intended to be engaged. In a multi-channel exposure profile the channel-level binding is authoritative and the coarse value must be backed by it.
outcome neural access route
Tags an evidence outcome concept with the neural access route the finding is about. This is how a demonstrated route that competes with a technique's declared intended route is recorded without altering that declaration.
outcome neural phenomenon
Tags an evidence outcome concept with the functional neural phenomenon the finding is about. This is the join that makes evidence about neural effects queryable across techniques and routes.
outcome neural system
Tags an evidence outcome concept with the distributed neural system the finding is about.
outcome neural target site
Tags an evidence outcome concept with the neural site the finding is about, which may differ from the intended target site of the technique assessed.
participant engagement mode
Links a stimulation or neuromodulation process, technique, or protocol to the degree and kind of active participation it requires of the individual. Not functional: a method with distinct phases may declare more than one mode. Records what the method demands of the participant, never whether the participation is effective.
primary frequency band
The single primary band among a preset's sstim:targetsFrequencyBand values, when more than one is declared. Corrects the former convention of an implicit 'first entry is primary' ordering, which RDF property values do not carry (RDF-08, 2026-07-24 audit).
proposed mechanism
Links a stimulation technique to a controlled mechanism category proposed to explain a response. The relation records a hypothesis or evidence interpretation, not proof of causation.
proposition outcome
The single identified outcome concept an assessment proposition is about.
proposition subject
The single subject of an assessment proposition; must match the assessment's evaluatesSubject value.
references preset
Links a session specification to the preset it executes.
renders onto parameter
The parameter the signal drives — amplitude, frequency, luminance, spatial position, vibration intensity. This is also how one layer modulates another: a breathing signal driving spatial position is a rendering onto that parameter, not a separate mechanism.
renders signal
The single signal this rendering delivers. Two renderings naming one signal are the assertion that two channels deliver the same thing.
reports unwanted experience
Links the observation that asked about unwanted experiences to the experiences the participant described. The asking is an observation with its own response state, so a report that asked and got nothing remains distinguishable from one that never asked.
review rubric
The immutable rubric or policy revision a review decision was made under.
reviews assessment
The single assessment revision an evidence review decision is about; must equal the revision its generating review activity used.
scope comparator
The identified comparison condition of the proposition scope, or an explicit marker.
scope intervention or context
The identified intervention, technique, protocol, context, or exposure profile the proposition scope covers, or an explicit marker.
scope population or model
A named population descriptor or study model of the proposition scope, or an explicit marker.
scope sensory modality
A named sensory modality of the proposition scope, or an explicit unknown / not-reported / not-applicable marker.
signal covers band
The signal's frequency extent contains the whole of this named band — broadband noise covering theta, for instance. The converse of signalWithinBand, and the reason the signal/band relation is an interval relation rather than membership.
signal overlaps band
The signal's frequency extent and the band intersect, with neither containing the other. Recorded rather than inferred, because a partial overlap is a design decision worth stating.
signal source asset
The recorded material a sampled signal is taken from — a violin note, a voice, rainfall. Required when the shape is sampled and meaningless otherwise: a sampled signal is only reproducible if the sample is identified.
signal within band
The signal's whole frequency extent lies inside this named band. A point signal such as 10 Hz within alpha is the ordinary case.
specified by
Links an engine configuration to the stimulus specification it realises.
Many presets may realise one specification; that is the point, and it is what makes cross-engine comparison possible. The link is asserted by whoever measured or derived it and is never inferred: what stimulus a preset produces depends on the engine, the transducer and the listening conditions, so entailing it would reintroduce exactly the engine-dependence this layer exists to escape.
stimulation delivery approach
Links a stimulation process, technique, protocol, or intervention to a coarse operational description of how the input is introduced or the interface positioned. Values are non-exclusive and may be combined.
supports relation (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: the property name encodes a supporting direction the claim may not have. Use sstim:evaluatesSubject; direction lives exclusively in hasClaimDirection. Retained as a materialized compatibility alias during 0.7.x; removed no earlier than 1.0.
Deprecated 2026-07-13 in favour of sstim:evaluatesSubject (ADR 0027); original range decision from ADR 0013 is preserved on the replacement.
targets frequency band
Links a preset to 1–2 target frequency bands. RDF property values are unordered; use sstim:primaryFrequencyBand to identify which one is primary (RDF-08, 2026-07-24 audit).
technique modality
Coarse legacy/convenience relation linking a sensory stimulation technique to broad sensory modality tags. Use the SSTIM exposure module when physical delivery medium, perceived modality, device capability, body placement, experiment context, or knowledge status must be represented separately.
Kept unchanged for compatibility with SSTIM 0.3.0 consumers. New detailed modeling should use sstim-exposure.ttl terms such as sstim-ex:deliveryMedium, sstim-ex:perceivedModality, and sstim-ex:requiresDeviceCapability.
uses specification
Links a recorded session execution to the single immutable session specification it realizes.
uses technique
Links a stimulation protocol to a technique used by the protocol. Naming a method does not make the protocol sensory, nor imply that any framework originated or incorporates the technique.
could contribute to
An SSTIM area to which the agent could plausibly contribute.
curated by
The agent (typically BSC Lab) responsible for creating and maintaining this ecosystem record.
engagement for
Identifies the one qualified ecosystem relationship governed by an engagement activity.
engagement outcome
Assigns one controlled minimal outcome to an engagement activity.
engagement purpose
Identifies the purpose to which a notification, response, decision, amendment, or withdrawal applies.
expertise area
Links an ecosystem agent to SSTIM controlled concepts (modalities, mechanisms, techniques) it works on. A sourced claim about scope, not an assertion of rank or authority.
has contributed to
An SSTIM area (technique, module, the community group) to which the agent has actually contributed.
has ecosystem relationship
Links an ecosystem agent to one named qualified relationship record. The inverse relationshipAgent identifies the same agent from the record.
has engagement activity
Links a qualified relationship to one engagement lifecycle activity. Public artifacts admit only positive activities ending in final approval; the complete append-only chain remains private.
has relationship type
Assigns one controlled relationship type to one qualified ecosystem relationship record.
publication status
The current lifecycle status of a qualified ecosystem relationship — one controlled outcome (e.g. notification sent, consent granted, publication approved) matching the engagementOutcome of the relationship's chronologically most recent engagement activity. Introduced by ADR 0032 as a second, explicit admission basis for the public ecosystem graph: a relationship may be admitted with any truthful status via this property, not only a final publication-approved one, so that the person or organization it describes — and anyone else — can see exactly where the relationship stands, including its context, without waiting for approval to become visible at all. Only a publicationStatus of outcomePublicationApproved for a relationship whose agent is a person still requires that person's own prior consent or self-publication; every other status requires no consent to display, precisely because it does not claim confirmation. A relationship admitted through the legacy path (ending in a PublicationDecisionActivity with no explicit publicationStatus) is treated as approved for backward compatibility.
relates to
Links an ecosystem agent to the specific SSTIM resource it relates to (a technique, the framework, a reference, the community group, the platform), when applicable.
relationship agent
Identifies the one ecosystem agent described by a qualified ecosystem relationship.
relationship purpose
Identifies the one declared purpose for recording a qualified ecosystem relationship.
relationship target
Identifies the one resource to which the agent is related in a qualified ecosystem relationship.
relationship type
Relates an ecosystem agent to one or more controlled relationship types describing how it engages with the field or with SSTIM.
affords delivery medium
Links a device capability to the physical delivery medium it produces or affords, making the capability-to-medium pairing explicit rather than implied by naming.
applies boundary
The named comfort boundary or exposure limit a boundary-applicability statement applies. Every such statement uses it at least once; the incoming profile/channel link identifies the application target.
applies to placement
Links an exposure limit to the body or near-body placement it applies to, since limits differ by site (for example eyes are more vulnerable than hands to optical radiation).
channel role
Links a stimulus channel to the role it plays in the exposure. Deliberate co-stimulation is not concomitant: two or more causal channels may each be intended.
characteristic delivery medium
Links a stimulation technique to a physical energy, material, or chemical agent characteristic of the method. It does not describe an executed dose or imply perception or effect; use an exposure profile for channel-level delivery.
concerns effect dimension
Links a hypothesis, research question, design objective, or planned-outcome specification to the comfort, risk, perception, or physiological dimension it concerns. Carries no OWL domain (ADR 0027): allowed subjects are enforced in SHACL so use on a non-evidence statement cannot re-infer the deprecated ExposureEffectClaim.
conforms to standard
Links an exposure limit to the external standard, guideline, or recommendation it is derived from.
delivery medium
Links a stimulus channel to the physical medium, energy, material, or interface used for delivery.
has body placement
Links an exposure profile, stimulus channel, or capability to a body or near-body placement.
has boundary applicability
Links an exposure profile or stimulus channel to a qualified boundary-applicability statement. Direct hasComfortBoundary / hasExposureLimit links remain valid structural shortcuts; the qualified statement carries the rationale.
has comfort boundary
Links an exposure profile or stimulus channel to a comfort, discomfort, fatigue, awareness, or risk boundary.
has design objective
Links an exposure profile or protocol to a desired delivery capability or experience objective.
has effect claim (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: the single link mixed hypotheses, questions, boundary applicability, requirements, design objectives, and planned outcomes. Use the role-specific hasHypothesis, hasResearchQuestion, hasBoundaryApplicability, hasProtocolRequirement, hasDesignObjective, hasPlannedOutcome, or hasKnowledgeStatusAssertion; removed no earlier than 1.0.
has experiment context
Links an exploratory protocol or exposure profile to the context in which it is proposed or used.
has exposure limit
Links a comfort boundary or device capability to a quantified exposure limit against which a delivery is checked.
has exposure profile
Links a protocol, technique, represented stimulation process or intervention, preset, or experiment instance to a structured exposure profile.
has hypothesis
Links an exposure profile or protocol to a stated hypothesis. Optional: a delivery-only profile states none, and generators must never fabricate one.
has knowledge status
Links a protocol, exposure profile, channel, device capability, statement role, or knowledge-status assertion to a controlled SSTIM/BSC Lab knowledge or capability status value. Carries no OWL domain (ADR 0027, KR-05): SHACL enforces allowed subjects, admitting the DeviceCapability use promised here and preventing status links from re-inferring evidence semantics.
has knowledge status assertion
Links a preset, technique, protocol, exposure profile, or stimulus channel to a scoped, dated knowledge-status assertion about it. Each assertion has exactly one incoming subject link.
has perceptual gain
Links an exposure profile or protocol to a perceived gain created by the setup.
has perceptual loss
Links an exposure profile or protocol to a perceived loss, cost, or limitation created by the setup.
has planned outcome
Links an exposure profile or protocol to a planned outcome-collection specification.
has protocol requirement
Links an exposure profile, stimulus channel, or protocol to a requirement that constrains it.
has research question
Links an exposure profile or protocol to an open research question.
has stimulus pattern
Links a stimulus channel to a temporal, spatial, color, noise, or texture pattern.
knowledge scope
The identified corpus or repository a knowledge-status assertion is scoped to.
perceived modality
Links a stimulus channel to the sensory, perceptual, behavioral, interoceptive, or social-perceptual modality it engages.
requires device capability
Links an exposure profile, stimulus channel, or protocol to a hardware or environmental capability required for delivery.
uses stimulus channel
Links an exposure profile to a channel through which part of the exposure is delivered or modeled.
access classification
The access classification of a governed research output (for example private, shared-research, de-identified, public).
actual duration (seconds)
Observed playback duration of a recorded session instance in whole seconds.
Whole seconds deliberately, where sstim:deliveredDurationSeconds beside it is a decimal. Elapsed time is observed once at the end of a session and second granularity is all a recorder can honestly claim; delivered time accumulates fractional segments and is exact. The coarser side is therefore the observed one, which is the opposite of the usual intuition and is why it is written down here. It has a consequence: the SHACL constraint holding delivered <= elapsed can be violated by rounding alone, by less than one second, with no real overrun — so a producer must round elapsed UP rather than to nearest. src/session/sessionRecorder.js does, and did not at first, which is how this was found.
affected population
Conservative plain-language description of the users or contexts to which a caution is especially relevant; not a diagnostic classification.
base frequency
Base, carrier, or center frequency for a voice, in Hz.
basis comparator note
Supplementary human-readable note on a basis source's comparator. Never a substitute for the identified comparator descriptor.
basis outcome note
Supplementary human-readable note on a basis source's reported outcome. Never a substitute for the identified outcome concept.
basis population note
Supplementary human-readable note on a basis source's population. Never a substitute for the identified population descriptor.
beat frequency
Driven or perceived beat frequency in Hz.
beats per bar
Number of beats in one authoring tempo bar.
breathing amplitude
Depth or excursion of a breathing-shaped control signal.
final breathing period (s)
Optional user override for the final guided-breathing cycle period in seconds; absence means use the preset default.
initial breathing period (s)
User override for mp0. Must be >= 3.0 s for breathing guidance. Absent means use preset default.
breathing phase ratio
Fraction of a breathing cycle assigned to the inhale phase.
breathing transition duration (s)
Optional duration in seconds over which guided breathing changes from its initial to final cycle period; absence means use the preset default.
left carrier frequency
Left-ear carrier frequency for binaural presentation, in Hz.
right carrier frequency
Right-ear carrier frequency for binaural presentation, in Hz.
caution severity rank
Ordinal rank used to sort caution severities from informational (1) through high-priority stop or avoid guidance (4).
channel duration (s)
Duration for which a channel presents its stimulus, in seconds.
channel frequency (Hz)
Rate at which a channel presents its stimulus, in hertz, as delivered rather than as configured.
claim level rank
Ordinal rank 0–5 of a public claim level. C0 Descriptive=0, C1 Experiential=1, C2 Wellness=2, C3 Structure/Function=3, C4 Medical/Condition=4, C5 Quantified/Superiority=5.
clock origin (s)
The timing context's own reading at the moment the session instance opened. Together with each event offset it reconstructs the exact timing-context reading of every occurrence, which a wall clock cannot do.
comparator (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: use the identified sstim:basisComparator descriptor plus sstim:basisComparatorNote on the qualified basis. Appears only in the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view.
completion status
Values: 'completed' | 'interrupted' (>30% played) | 'abandoned' (<30% played).
configuration digest
Lowercase hexadecimal digest of the exact configuration this specification executed. Naming a configuration establishes which one was intended; the digest establishes that it still says what it said, which is what reproducibility requires.
consent basis note
The applicable consent or ethics basis for a governed research output, or an explicit not-applicable determination.
cycle duration
Duration of one repeated control or sequence cycle, in seconds.
delivered duration (s)
Time during which the session was actually delivering stimulus, excluding paused intervals. Distinct from the elapsed duration: a session paused for ten minutes and a session that ran ten minutes shorter have the same elapsed time and different exposures, and only this quantity describes what reached the subject.
digest algorithm
Identifier of the algorithm and canonicalisation that produced the configuration digest, without which the digest cannot be recomputed.
display priority
Positive integer used to order caution messages within the same severity; lower numbers display first.
duration (seconds)
Intended total duration in whole seconds, either of a session specification or as the default carried by a preset.
Whole seconds deliberately, as with sstim:actualDurationSeconds and unlike the decimal durations around it. This is an intended duration — something a person chose, or a preset shipped as its default — and intent is not authored at sub-second precision. What actually happened is measured separately and finely: sstim:deliveredDurationSeconds is a decimal. Recorded because the second-pass review of 2026-08-17 found two integer durations among nine decimals with nothing saying whether the difference was meaningful; the other one was answered the same day and this one was not.
evidence date (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: source publication dates stay as dct:issued on the bibliographic reference; assessment and review dates come from their generating activities. A non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view may derive it.
evidence outcome (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: use the identified sstim:basisObservedOutcome concept plus sstim:basisOutcomeNote on the qualified basis. Appears only in the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view.
experience duration (s)
How long the experience lasted, where the participant gave a duration.
extended maximum frequency (Hz)
Highest frequency at which this rhythm is reported to occur, which may exceed its conventional ambit.
extended minimum frequency (Hz)
Lowest frequency at which this rhythm is reported to occur, which may fall below its conventional ambit. A rhythm modulates and its edges are conventional rather than sharp; recording only the typical ambit would assert a precision the phenomenon does not have.
flash rate (Hz)
Rate of luminance alternation presented to the subject, in hertz. Safety-bearing: rates in the photosensitive range are constrained at runtime rather than merely recorded.
focus rating
Attentional-focus rating at the report's declared collection phase, from 1 (scattered) to 5 (highly focused).
goal achieved
Self-reported yes/no assessment of whether the participant's stated session goal was met; it is not an objective efficacy measure.
governed source digest
A content digest of the governed research output version.
governed source version
The exact version of the governed research output this governance record covers.
haptic pattern
Pattern index or selector for haptic delivery.
has breath guide
True iff the preset contains exactly one voice with isOn=true. Governs visual breathing animation and haptic pulse delivery.
has cortical topography
Scalp or cortical region over which this rhythm is characteristically recorded. Topography is part of how a rhythm is identified alongside frequency: occipital alpha and central mu occupy overlapping ambits and are told apart by where they appear.
has oscillation state context
Behavioural or physiological state in which this rhythm is characteristically observed, such as eyes closed or slow-wave sleep.
An observation condition, not an outcome. It records when the rhythm is seen, never what stimulating at that frequency does for anyone: effect and function statements are evidence claims with a tier, a source and a population, and never appear here.
Hz maximum
Upper bound (inclusive) of a frequency extent in Hz, whether that extent is a named band or the extent a signal occupies.
Domain widened 2026-08-16 (ADR 0052) from sstim:FrequencyBand to a union with sstim:StimulationSignal. The bound means the same thing in both — the upper edge of a frequency extent — and a signal needs one because noise spans a range rather than sitting at a point. Existing band assertions are unaffected.
Hz minimum
Lower bound (inclusive) of a frequency extent in Hz, whether that extent is a named band or the extent a signal occupies.
Domain widened 2026-08-16 (ADR 0052) from sstim:FrequencyBand to a union with sstim:StimulationSignal. The bound means the same thing in both — the lower edge of a frequency extent — and a signal needs one because noise spans a range rather than sitting at a point. Existing band assertions are unaffected.
initial volume
Initial output gain or amplitude for a voice.
instrument version
Version of the instrument as administered. Answers collected under different versions are not directly comparable.
is breath reference
True iff this voice is the breathing reference (isOn): its oscillation drives the visual breathing animation and haptic pulse. At most one voice per preset may be the breathing reference.
luminance (cd/m²)
Luminance presented to the subject, in candelas per square metre.
Martigli oscillation amplitude
Frequency-sweep amplitude (ma) of a Martigli oscillation, in Hz; the carrier(s) sweep ± ma around the center.
Martigli center frequency
Center frequency (mf0) of a Martigli voice's oscillating tone, in Hz; the frequency sweeps mf0 ± ma. Martigli voices only — Martigli-Binaural uses the carrier pair.
Martigli final period
Final breathing-cycle duration (mp1) of a Martigli oscillation after the transition, in seconds.
Martigli initial period
Initial breathing-cycle duration (mp0) of a Martigli oscillation, in seconds. Must be >= 3 s when the voice is the breathing reference (isOn).
Martigli transition duration
Time (md) over which the breathing cycle interpolates linearly from mp0 to mp1, in seconds; mp1 is held afterwards.
master brightness
Normalized master visual output level, from 0 (dark) to 1 (implementation maximum); an engine control, not a calibrated luminance. The visual counterpart of sstim:masterVolume, whose absence was the audio-centrism ADR 0041 corrected. The delivered luminance is sstim:luminanceCdM2.
master volume
Normalized master output gain, from 0 (silent) to 1 (implementation maximum); an engine control, not a calibrated sound-pressure level. The delivered level belongs to sstim:StimulusSpecification (ADR 0041).
note count
Number of notes or sequence positions in a Symmetry cycle.
note duration fraction
Fraction of a rhythmic pulse occupied by the active note envelope.
observed boolean value
The value the participant supplied to a yes/no item.
observed ordinal value
The value the participant supplied on an ordinal scale. Interpretable only together with the scale bounds and anchor labels recorded beside it.
observed text value
Free text the participant supplied, such as a stated goal in their own words.
Free text can carry identifying information. Exclude it from research exports and public projections by default, and include it only under an explicit decision recorded in the governing privacy profile.
octave span
Pitch span covered by a Symmetry sequence.
onset offset (s)
Where on the session's timing context the experience began, when it began during the session and the participant could place it.
pan position
Stereo position from left to right.
parameter value after
The value the changed quantity held immediately after this event, in the unit the parameter kind is measured in. On a safety-limit event this is the value actually delivered.
Unitless here on purpose: the unit follows from the parameter kind and the channel it applies to, and carrying a unit string on every event would invite two records of the same change to disagree about it.
parameter value before
The value the changed quantity held immediately before this event. On a safety-limit event this is the value that was requested, which is the half a consumer cannot reconstruct from the delivered value alone.
Optional. At the first change of a session the prior value is the one the specification declares, and repeating it here would be derived rather than observed.
permitted use scope
The permitted use and release scope of a governed research output as evidence.
permutation function
Permutation function selector for sequence ordering. Values match the skos:notation of sstim-v:PermutationFunctionScheme members (0=shuffle, 1=rotate forward, 2=rotate backward, 3=reverse, 4=identity).
platform deliverable
Whether this modality is deliverable via standard consumer digital platforms without dedicated hardware.
preset version
Semantic version string (X.Y.Z) of this preset.
primary affect
Affect rating at the report's declared collection phase, from 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive).
prompt identifier
Stable identifier of the question as shown, within its instrument.
prompt text
The exact wording shown to the participant.
Prompts must stay neutral with respect to the session's intended effect: a question that names the hoped-for outcome produces an answer about the question.
proposition digest
An immutable content digest identifying the exact proposition when text alone is insufficient.
proposition text
The exact language-tagged text of an atomic assessment proposition.
pulse rate
Rhythmic pulse or sequence step rate in Hz.
recommended action
Plain-language action an interface should present when a caution applies, such as reduce intensity, disable a channel, stop, or avoid the context.
reference key
Short uppercase key (e.g. 'INGENDOH_2023') matching citation keys in preset techDesc fields.
rendering carrier (Hz)
The carrier frequency this rendering uses, where it needs one. A carrier exists because of a limitation of the sense being addressed and not because of anything about the signal: 10 Hz is below the audible range and must be carried, while a 10 Hz light flicker or vibration is presented directly and has no carrier at all.
Beside sstim-ex:hasCarrierFrequencyHz, which states the same quantity one layer down. This one is a fact about a binding — what this rendering uses to carry this signal — and belongs to the specification layer; the exposure one is a fact about emission, what the channel physically puts out, and answers the generic "what frequencies does this channel present?" through its place in the sstim-ex:hasFrequencyHz family. A channel may carry several renderings, so the rendering-level value is the finer of the two. Where both are asserted a SHACL constraint requires them to agree.
reported confidence
How confident the participant said they were in their own answer, from 0 to 1, where the instrument collects it.
requires evidence tier rank
Minimum sstim:tierRank of supporting evidence required to assert at this claim level on a public surface. 0 = no evidence required (descriptive/experiential/wellness). A value of 7 is an intentional sentinel above the maximum tier (6): no evidence can satisfy it, i.e. the level is never publicly assertable (C4 medical/condition). PROVISIONAL policy mapping — reconcile with the BioSynCare Reference publicClaimLevel/clinicalScope enum and a qualified EU MDR adviser before launch.
reviewed by (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: reviewer identity and role live on the review activity's prov:qualifiedAssociation as agent IRIs, not name literals. A non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view may derive it.
rotation speed
Visual rotation rate or angular speed.
scale maximum
Highest value the scale offered, as presented.
scale maximum label
Anchor text shown at the high end of the scale.
scale minimum
Lowest value the scale offered, as presented.
scale minimum label
Anchor text shown at the low end of the scale, without which the number is not interpretable.
scheduled start
Intended start time of the session. A property of the plan, not of any execution: sstim:SessionInstance records when a session actually ran.
search coverage end
The latest date the search covered; the as-of date of a scoped search finding.
search coverage start
The earliest publication date the search covered, when bounded.
search digest
A content digest of the search record's result set or export.
search eligibility criteria
The eligibility criteria applied to search results.
search query
The exact query string executed by an evidence search.
search result count
The number of results the executed search returned.
search source
A database or source searched, one value per source.
session clock offset (s)
Seconds elapsed on the session's timing context between the clock origin recorded on the session instance and this occurrence. Offsets order the timeline; wall-clock timestamps, where present, place the session in the calendar and order nothing.
Applies to anything placed on that clock. An event always is. A self-report is only when it was collected during delivery — a pre-session or follow-up report happens off the session clock, and an offset for it would be a fabricated placement.
sleepiness
Sleepiness rating at the report's declared collection phase, from 1 (alert) to 5 (very drowsy).
sound pressure level (dB SPL)
Sound pressure level at the subject's ear, in decibels SPL. This is the quantity sstim:masterVolume is not: a normalized engine gain is not a level, because the same gain produces different levels on different hardware.
stimulation intensity
Strength of haptic or sensory output.
stimulus regime
Which kind of description this is: "determinate" when the stimulus is fixed in advance, "stochastic" when the specification describes a generating process whose realisations differ, or "adaptive" when the stimulus depends on the subject's measured state and what is described is a control law rather than a stimulus.
study population (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: use the identified sstim:basisStudyPopulation descriptor plus sstim:basisPopulationNote on the qualified basis. Appears only in the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view.
subjective session quality
Subjective quality rating for the associated session, normally collected after delivery, from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).
tempo BPM
Optional authoring tempo in beats per minute.
tier rank
Ordinal rank 1–6 for SPARQL ORDER BY. Speculative=1, Anecdotal=2, Preliminary=3, Moderate=4, Strong=5, Established=6.
trigger condition
Machine-readable-content companion text describing the stimulus feature, context, or user state that activates a caution.
visual density
Density of rendered visual elements.
visual side count
Number of sides used by a geometric visual form.
added on
The date this ecosystem record was created.
archival consent
True only when the agent has given specific, informed consent that the record may enter a permanent, citable archive and cannot then be fully erased (ADR 0024 §6). Absent or false permits only mutable live publication outside the Zenodo-tracked release repository; removal can be honored in the controlled store, but third-party public copies cannot be recalled.
consent status
Listing-tier consent state: implicit-public, notified, consent-requested, consent-granted, consent-declined, removal-requested, or withdrawn (ADR 0024).
contribution status
The agent's contribution state relative to SSTIM: none, potential, active, or past.
notification channel
How the notification was sent (e.g. email, public message, institutional contact).
notification status
Whether the agent has been notified of inclusion: not-notified, notified, or failed.
notified on
The date the agent was notified of inclusion in SSTIM.
record source
Provenance of the facts in this record: a public URL (Wikipedia, ORCID, ROR, homepage) or a phrase such as 'personal communication'. Required for every ecosystem agent.
responded on
The date the agent responded to notification.
response note
The substance of the agent's response, recorded verbatim or summarized.
response status
The agent's response: no-response, acknowledged, consented, objected, requested-removal, or requested-changes.
reviewed on
The date on which the qualified relationship, its public sources, and its publication status were last reviewed.
valid from
The date from which a qualified ecosystem relationship is known to apply, when available.
valid until
The date through which a qualified ecosystem relationship is known to apply, when it has ended.
beat frequency (Hz)
Monaural or binaural beat frequency (the difference frequency) of an audio stimulus channel, in hertz.
carrier frequency (Hz)
The frequency of a carrier this channel presents: a frequency whose job is to bear a signal the sense cannot receive directly. The 200 and 210 Hz tones of a 10 Hz binaural beat are carriers, as is the audible tone an isochronic rate modulates.
A carrier exists because of a limitation of the sense addressed, not because of anything about the signal: 10 Hz falls below the audible range and must be carried, while a 10 Hz light flicker or vibration is presented directly and has no carrier at all. Beside sstim:renderingCarrierHz, which states the same quantity one layer up, on the rendering that chose it. This one describes emission and joins the sstim-ex:hasFrequencyHz family so a consumer can ask what a channel presents without knowing how it was specified; that one describes a binding. Where both are asserted they must agree, which SHACL enforces.
duty cycle
On-fraction of each blink or pulse cycle for a stimulus channel, between 0 and 1.
flicker rate (Hz)
Blink, pulse, or flicker rate of a stimulus channel, in hertz. Visual flicker rate is subject to photosensitivity exposure limits.
frequency (Hz)
A frequency this stimulus channel presents, in hertz, without saying what role it plays. The generic parent of the frequency family; assert a subproperty where the role is known, and this one only where it genuinely is not.
Until 0.15 this was defined as "carrier or tone frequency" and was functional. Both were wrong for a generic: the two senses are different things, and a channel may present several frequencies at once. ADR 0052 made it the parent of hasCarrierFrequencyHz, hasToneFrequencyHz and hasModulationFrequencyHz, and dropped functionality, which is a weakening — every existing assertion remains valid and now also entails nothing it did not before.
gain level
Relative output amplitude of a stimulus channel, between 0 and 1. This is a relative level, not a calibrated physical intensity.
modulation frequency (Hz)
The rate at which something about this channel varies, as distinct from a carrier that bears it. The general case of a flicker rate and of a beat frequency, both of which specialise it.
Not functional, because a channel may be modulated in more than one respect at once — amplitude at one rate and spatial position at another. Where the modulation is a flicker or a beat, assert the specific subproperty.
phase offset
Phase offset of a stimulus channel's modulation relative to other channels, as a fraction of a cycle between 0 and 1.
tone frequency (Hz)
The frequency of a tone or periodic stimulus that is itself what reaches the subject, carrying nothing — a 440 Hz reference tone, or a 10 Hz vibration delivered as itself.
knowledge as-of date
The date as of which a knowledge-status assertion holds for its named corpus.
knowledge scope note
A language-tagged description of the corpus or scope of a knowledge-status assertion, used when no scope IRI exists.
limit averaging time
Averaging or reference time over which an exposure limit is defined, as an xsd:duration. Deprecated: xsd:duration is outside the OWL 2 datatype map, so its use made the Full closure OWL Full rather than OWL 2 DL. Replaced by sstim-ex:limitAveragingTimeSeconds. The range axiom is withdrawn rather than retyped, so that no xsd:duration reference remains anywhere in the closure.
Deprecated 2026-08-17. Both public values were "PT8H" and are now 28800 seconds on the replacement property.
limit averaging time (s)
Averaging or reference time over which an exposure limit is defined, in seconds — an 8-hour dose is 28800. Seconds rather than a duration literal because xsd:duration is only partially ordered (P1M and P30D are not comparable) and is therefore outside the OWL 2 datatype map, which put every Full closure in OWL Full. Carrying the unit in the property name follows the SSTIM parameter convention.
limit maximum frequency (Hz)
Maximum frequency permitted by a cited exposure or accessibility rule, in hertz; compliance with the value is not an individual safety guarantee.
limit quantity
Physical quantity an exposure limit constrains (for example "flash frequency", "sound pressure level", or "effective irradiance").
limit unit
Unit of an exposure limit value (for example "dBA" or "J/m2"). A QUDT unit IRI may be linked separately where precision is required.
limit value
Numeric value of an exposure limit, interpreted together with limitUnit and limitQuantity.
pitch shift (cents)
Resulting pitch shift in cents relative to the standard reference (e.g. about -31.77 cents for A4=432 versus A4=440).
reference pitch (Hz)
Frequency in hertz assigned to the reference note (e.g. 432 or 440 for A4). This is a carrier/absolute-pitch attribute, not a modulation or beat frequency.
reference pitch note
Named reference note whose pitch a tuning sets, commonly "A4".
retuned from reference (Hz)
Standard reference frequency the tuning departs from, typically 440 Hz for A4.
process
disposition
planned process
information content entity
protocol
Assessment Proposition
One immutable, atomic, independently assessable proposition evaluated by an evidence assessment: exactly one subject, one outcome concept, one scope, one proposition form, and exact text or digest.
Assessment Scope
The explicit modality, population/model, intervention/context, and comparator scope of an assessment proposition. Every axis carries a named value or an explicit unknown / not-reported / not-applicable marker; omission never means universal applicability.
Audio Track
A track whose output is audible: an isochronic tone, a binaural carrier pair, a plain carrier, noise, a drone, or a sample.
Bibliographic Reference
A bibliographic record of a published source. Being recorded implies neither endorsement nor permission to quote, reproduce, or display the source.
Binaural Voice
Two sine tones at slightly different frequencies (fl, fr) presented dichotically to produce a perceived beat at |fr - fl| Hz.
Canonical Sensory Transduction Access Route
A neural access route that engages canonical sensory receptor transduction and afferent processing. This is the route value that distinguishes the sensory-route neuromodulation overlap from approaches that bypass canonical sensory transduction.
Caution Severity
A controlled ordinal category for prioritizing a caution tag in user interfaces and validation. Severity describes the response required by the application; it is not a clinical diagnosis or risk probability.
Caution Tag
Etichetta di Cautela
Etiqueta de Cautela
Etiqueta de Precaución
A safety or usage advisory flag attached to a preset, signalling conditions under which the preset may be unsuitable (e.g. photosensitivity risk, drowsiness, high sensory intensity). Advisory wellness metadata, not a medical contraindication.
Claim Direction
Whether a body of evidence supports, is mixed on, is inconclusive about, or refutes the asserted relation.
Comparator Descriptor
An identified description of the comparison condition (for example sham, no-stimulus, baseline, or alternative frequency) referenced by an assessment scope or evidence basis.
Conflict Disclosure
A record of declared conflicts of interest for a review, including the explicit declaration that no conflict was declared.
Control Track
A track that produces no sensory output of its own and instead supplies a time-varying control signal modulating parameters of other tracks. Breathing-guidance (Martigli) and symmetry-derived control signals are the current kinds.
The modulation this definition describes is prose the graph cannot state: no property links a control track to the track and parameter it modulates. Two consequences follow. A configuration cannot be read to discover what drives what, and the control signal is not separable from the preset that contains it, so no shared signal object exists for two channels or two studies to be compared by. This is the abstract-signal half of SSTIM_DIRECTIONS.md §5: a time-varying function with a period or envelope and no modality, which a rendering then binds to a renderable parameter of some sensory channel. Carrier and modulator describe one audio rendering of such a signal, not the general structure — a carrier is needed because 10 Hz falls below the audible range, while a 10 Hz light flicker or vibration is presented directly.
Autoregolazione Deliberata
Autorregulación Deliberada
Autorregulação Deliberada
Deliberate Self-Regulation
A deliberate process in which an individual attempts to regulate their own neural, physiological, or affective state, whether or not an external stimulus, cue, or delivery mechanism is part of the process. The neutral genus for self-directed practices: unlike sstim:Stimulation, it carries no commitment to an applied controlled input.
Practices that also involve an applied stimulus, cue, or feedback delivery — neurofeedback, biofeedback, paced-breathing guidance — are additionally sstim:SelfDirectedNeuromodulation, since they meet sstim:Stimulation's applied-input requirement through sstim:Neuromodulation. Pure practices with no applied stimulus — unguided meditation, volitional breathwork — are sstim:DeliberateSelfRegulation only: SSTIM does not represent them as a stimulation, a neuromodulation, or a stimulation technique, however deliberate or goal-directed (ADR 0037).
Effect Direction
The direction of the measured outcome (increase, decrease, or no change). Wellness-neutral; describes what was measured, not a health claim.
Entrainment-Based Technique
A Sensory Stimulation technique whose primary proposed mechanism involves frequency-following responses, phase-locking, or oscillatory coupling between a periodic stimulus and endogenous neural oscillations.
Binaural beat stimulation, isochronous tone stimulation, photic driving, Symmetry permutation entrainment.
Evidence Assessment Activity
The PROV activity that generates an evidence assessment revision. It used every qualified basis, its sources, and the immutable rubric/method revision actually applied, and carries a qualified association naming the responsible agent and role.
Evidence Assessment Claim
A versioned, immutable assessment of an identified evidence basis about one atomic bounded proposition. The sole concrete evidence-bearing class: exactly one evidence tier and one claim direction, at least one qualified evidence basis, and exactly one assessed proposition. A correction mints a new revision IRI linked with prov:wasRevisionOf; it never edits a published revision in place.
Evidence Basis
One qualified contribution of a single source to an evidence assessment, carrying source-level modality, intervention, study design, model/population, synthesis, and observed-result metadata separately from the assessment's own conclusion.
Evidence Claim
Compatibility superclass of evidence assessments. Direct instantiation is rejected by SHACL: every instance must carry a concrete evidence subtype (sstim:EvidenceAssessmentClaim). Hypotheses, research questions, boundary applicability, requirements, design objectives, planned outcomes, knowledge-status assertions, and session observations are never EvidenceClaims.
Narrowed 2026-07-13 (ADR 0027) from a single overloaded claim class to the compatibility superclass of EvidenceAssessmentClaim.
Evidence Modality Tag (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: the tag conflated sensory modality (AUD, AV, VIS, TACTILE, MULTISENSORY), intervention (BREATH), study model (PRECLINICAL), and synthesis type (REVIEW). Authoritative data uses the orthogonal basis axes; the class survives only for the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view and is removed no earlier than 1.0.
Evidence Outcome Concept
A controlled endpoint, response, or mechanism category used to identify what a proposition or reported source result is about. It is a category, not an observed result or benefit.
Evidence Proposition Form
The logical form of an assessment proposition: bounded relation, bounded null result, scoped search finding, or universal absence. Universal-absence propositions never conform; a scoped search finding requires an evidence search record basis.
Evidence Review Activity
The PROV activity that reviews exactly one assessment revision under a named rubric/policy revision and generates an immutable evidence review decision.
Evidence Review Decision
An immutable review decision about one assessment revision: reviewer relationship, independence determination, and decision are independent axes. A later decision supersedes or invalidates the earlier one; no mutable effective-review pointer exists.
Evidence Search Activity
The PROV activity that executes an evidence search and generates an immutable evidence search record, with execution times and a qualified responsible agent/role.
Evidence Search Record
An immutable, reproducible record of a literature/evidence search: sources, exact query, coverage dates, eligibility criteria, result count, and content digest. Supports only scoped 'no eligible evidence found' findings, never universal absence.
Evidence Synthesis Type
The synthesis level of an evidence source: primary study, narrative review, systematic review, meta-analysis, literature review, or tutorial. A narrative review does not acquire systematic-review status merely because it synthesizes literature.
Evidence Tier Value
A classification of empirical support strength for a specific stimulation claim, accounting for study quality, result consistency, modality match, and population match. Six tiers: speculative(1) through established(6). A tier is meaningful only together with the claim direction and the bounded proposition scope it was assigned to.
Experience Onset Phase
A controlled category locating when an unwanted experience began, relative to the session.
Experience Persistence
A controlled category recording how long an unwanted experience lasted, as the participant described it.
Experience Resolution
A controlled category recording the state an unwanted experience reached.
Experience Response Action
A controlled category recording what the participant did in response to an unwanted experience.
Banda de Frecuencia
Banda de Frequência
Banda di Frequenza
Frequency Band
An information entity describing a named Hz range used in BSC protocol design for targeting and evidence classification. BSC operational design category — not a medical diagnostic taxonomy or universal EEG ontology.
Frequency Band Group
Grupo de Bandas de Frecuencia
Grupo de Bandas de Frequência
Gruppo di Bande di Frequenza
A named collection of frequency bands used as a SKOS scheme root or aggregate grouping concept. Not a band with a specific Hz range; used for SKOS hierarchy navigation (skos:narrower* traversal) rather than for range arithmetic.
Governed Research Output
A versioned study record, dataset revision, or analysis output admitted as an evidence source. Requires exactly one source-governance record; an ungoverned dataset cannot serve as an evidence basis source.
Haptic Track
A track whose output is delivered as vibration through a device actuator.
Independence Determination
A policy-based determination of reviewer independence: independent, not independent, or undetermined. An independent or not-independent determination requires a named independence policy and conflict disclosure.
Intended Effect
A controlled information category identifying a target change in physiological, psychological, or cognitive state that a sensory stimulation intervention is designed to facilitate. It records design intent, not a guaranteed outcome.
Interventional Neuromodulation
Neuromodulación Intervencionista
Neuromodulazione Interventistica
Neuromodulação Intervencionista
Neuromodulation applied to an individual by an external agent, device, or agent-administered means. This is the sense the ADR 0034 non-sensory contrast set occupies, and it corresponds on techniques to a non-self participant-engagement mode (passive-receptive or guided-following).
Martigli-Binaural Voice
Binaural beat combined with Martigli breathing oscillation. Both carriers sweep in parallel, maintaining constant beat frequency while timbral register evolves with breathing.
Martigli Voice
A single tone whose frequency oscillates sinusoidally with a breathing arc that decelerates linearly from mp0 to mp1 over md seconds.
Modality Applicability
A controlled statement of how sensory modality applies to an evidence source: mixed modalities, unknown/not reported, or not applicable. Distinct states, never a wildcard.
Neural Access Route
A controlled category for the biological route through which a stimulation process is intended to engage a neural target. Route values describe the declared intended route; a competing or demonstrated actual mechanism remains an evidence-qualified statement recorded on a mechanism or outcome concept.
'Receptor' on this axis means a canonical sensory receptor, never a molecular drug receptor. Mixed access is represented by multiple route values, which is not the same as uncertainty; an unresolved route is an epistemic status recorded by a scoped knowledge-status assertion, not a pseudo-route.
Neural Oscillation Type
Tipo de Oscilación Neural
Tipo de Oscilação Neural
Tipo di Oscillazione Neurale
A controlled information category for a named rhythmic fluctuation of neural activity, such as the alpha or theta rhythm. Members are identified by a conventional frequency ambit together with characteristic recording topography and observation state; the ambit alone does not identify one.
A category, not the rhythm. Following ADR 0021, this classifies a real neurophysiological phenomenon without being that phenomenon: SSTIM records no measured neural activity, so there is no class of measured oscillation events and no instance of one. Distinct from sstim:FrequencyBand, which is a Hz interval and nothing more, and from sstim:NeuralPhenomenon, which categorises kinds of phenomena such as oscillatory dynamics rather than the named rhythms themselves.
Neural Phenomenon
A controlled information category for a coherent functional neural phenomenon, such as excitability or firing, oscillatory dynamics, temporal coordination, synaptic transmission, neurochemical signaling, connectivity or plasticity, and autonomic neural regulation.
One value set is reused across proposed-mechanism, intended-target, and observed-outcome roles, which are kept distinct by three separate properties. This axis replaces any single 'target level' axis: a route, a dynamic, a system, and an outcome domain are not values on one scale.
Neural System
A controlled information category for a distributed organizational neural system — sensory, motor, autonomic, or a named sensory subsystem. This is the axis for neuromodulation of a sensory system; it does not imply that the intervention entered through that sensory system.
Neural Target Site
A controlled information category for a broad anatomical target of a stimulation process, such as brain, cortex, deep-brain structure, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, or cranial nerve. It is a classification category, not the anatomical entity itself.
A local target category may have more than one broader concept; no forced single-parent tree is required. External anatomy alignment is a separate, evidence-checked pass.
Neuromodulación
Neuromodulation
Neuromodulazione
Neuromodulação
In SSTIM, a deliberately applied stimulation process whose declared intervention objective is to alter activity or function at an identified neural target. Anatomical site and distributed neural system are recorded on separate facets. Membership records target and design intent; whether modulation occurred is represented separately through observations and evidence.
Two different definitions live in the word 'neuromodulation'; SSTIM keeps them apart. (1) By SENSE: this class is neuromodulation as INTERVENTION — an applied process intending to modulate. The neurophysiological EFFECT sense — the resulting change in neural activity — is not this class but a neural phenomenon in the outcome role (sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon); the state-change effects are grouped by sstim-v:NeuromodulatoryEffectCollection. (2) By PARTICIPANT ENGAGEMENT: neuromodulation WITHOUT active engagement of the individual is interventional (sstim:InterventionalNeuromodulation — e.g. neurostimulation); neuromodulation WITH the individual's deliberate self-regulation is self-directed (sstim:SelfDirectedNeuromodulation — e.g. neurofeedback, biofeedback; unguided meditation has no applied stimulus and is sstim:DeliberateSelfRegulation only, ADR 0037). This engagement axis is the one Theo Marins raised on 2026-07-22 (ADR 0035/0036).
This is the INTERVENTION sense of neuromodulation — a deliberately applied process with the intent to modulate — as distinct from the physiological EFFECT sense (the resulting neural change), which is recorded on the outcome facet (sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon), not here (ADR 0036). It excludes SPONTANEOUS physiological, neurotransmitter-level endogenous neuromodulation and stimulation performed solely to probe or measure a response; but DELIBERATE self-directed neuromodulation IS in scope (sstim:SelfDirectedNeuromodulation, ADR 0036). It does not mean treatment or successful modulation. It neither subsumes nor is subsumed by sstim:SensoryStimulation; the two overlap, and the overlap is named by sstim:SensoryRouteNeuromodulation (ADR 0034).
Neuromodulation Intervention
A specific, designed execution of a neuromodulation process, with a declared neural access route, delivery approach, and intended neural target. Membership does not assert successful modulation, benefit, or safety.
Neuromodulation Protocol
A protocol whose planned objective is to alter activity or function at an identified neural target. It remains an information artifact: a protocol records the planned objective through this type plus its route and target facets, while the realized process is typed as an intervention.
Neuromodulation Technique
Tecnica di Neuromodulazione
Técnica de Neuromodulación
Técnica de Neuromodulação
A stimulation technique whose defining intervention objective is to alter activity or function at an identified neural target, with anatomical site and distributed neural system recorded separately. Membership does not assert successful modulation, benefit, or safety.
Cataloguing a neuromodulation technique states that SSTIM can describe it, not that BSC Lab delivers it or that it is effective. A proposed neural mechanism or an evoked response is not by itself a neuromodulation objective (ADR 0034 §2).
Neuroplasticidad
Neuroplasticidade
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticità
The disposition of a nervous system to undergo lasting structural or functional change in response to activity, experience, or stimulation. It is the capacity that durable neuromodulation realizes; it is not a process or an intervention.
Related to neuromodulation bidirectionally, not as a one-way precondition: plasticity enables durable neuromodulatory change, while neuromodulators (e.g. acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline) in turn gate plasticity by setting its induction thresholds. Modelled as a stub in 0.10.0 (ADR 0036); properties relating it to durable effects are deferred.
Neuroestimulación
Neuroestimulação
Neurostimolazione
Neurostimulation
Interventional neuromodulation delivered by applied stimulation — energy applied to neural tissue (electrical, magnetic/electromagnetic, acoustic/ultrasonic) or, as its sensory branch, canonical sensory stimulation with a neural-modulation objective. It is the DELIVERY, distinct from the neuromodulatory EFFECT it is intended to cause (recorded on sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon; ADR 0036).
How this term is defined, on two axes. (1) DELIVERY vs. EFFECT: neurostimulation is the delivery — the applied stimulation itself — not the neuromodulatory effect it aims to produce. The effect (the resulting change in neural activity) is a separate thing, recorded as a neural phenomenon in the outcome role (sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon), never as this class. (2) PARTICIPANT ENGAGEMENT: neurostimulation is the branch of neuromodulation applied WITHOUT active engagement of the individual — they receive it — as opposed to self-directed neuromodulation (neurofeedback, biofeedback) which the individual actively self-regulates. Theo Marins (2026-07-22) framed neurostimulation precisely as the neuromodulation that does not require the individual's active engagement (see the participant-engagement facet, ADR 0035, and ADR 0036).
Recovers 'neurostimulation is a type of neuromodulation' as a true statement under the intervention sense (ADR 0036). Kinds such as electric, magnetic, and sensory neurostimulation are views over the delivery-medium and route facets, not primitive subclasses: the sensory kind is sstim:SensoryRouteNeuromodulation. Stimulation applied solely to probe or measure is not neurostimulation in this sense (it lacks the modulation objective), and pharmacological neuromodulation is not neurostimulation at all.
Neurostimulation Technique
Tecnica di Neurostimolazione
Técnica de Neuroestimulación
Técnica de Neuroestimulação
A neuromodulation technique that delivers applied stimulation — energy applied to neural tissue — rather than a pharmacological agent or the individual's own self-regulation. The technique-layer counterpart of sstim:Neurostimulation, and the browsable parent of the electrical, magnetic, and acoustic/ultrasonic neurostimulation entries.
Its members share an energy-delivery route (physical neural interaction). The electric/magnetic/acoustic kinds are delivery-medium facet views, not subclasses; the sensory kind is sstim:SensoryNeurostimulationTechnique. Pharmacological neuromodulation (e.g. intrathecal agent delivery) and self-directed neuromodulation (e.g. neurofeedback) are neuromodulation techniques but not neurostimulation, and are deliberately excluded.
Non-Entrainment Technique
A Sensory Stimulation technique whose proposed mechanism does not rely on frequency-following responses. Includes stochastic resonance, autonomic respiratory entrainment, and attentional anchoring via ambient structured sound.
Calibrated pink noise for stochastic resonance, Martigli breathing oscillation, ambient Symmetry sequences for attentional anchoring.
Observation Instrument
The identified, versioned questionnaire in a given language that produced a set of observations. Reports are not comparable across instrument versions, so an observation without instrument provenance is not analysable.
Observation Role
A controlled category of what a participant observation observes.
Participant Engagement Mode
A controlled information category for the degree and kind of active participation a stimulation or neuromodulation method requires of the individual — from passive reception, through following an external pacing cue, to active self-regulation of one's own state. It records what the method demands of the participant, never whether that participation is effective.
Orthogonal to the ADR 0034 route, approach, target-site, system, and phenomenon axes: a method's engagement mode is neither implied by nor implies any of them. It is the axis that distinguishes self-regulatory practices (meditation, volitional breathwork, neurofeedback, biofeedback) and cue-following practices (paced-breathing guidance) from purely receptive exposure (binaural beats to a resting listener, tDCS). By itself it never reclassifies a method as neuromodulation; the relationship between active self-regulation and the sstim:Neuromodulation definition is discussed in ADR 0035.
Participant Observation
One qualified answer within a self-report: what was observed, what response state applies, the value if one was supplied, and the prompt and scale that produced it. Addressable in its own right, so an answer can be cited, corrected, or excluded without touching the rest of the report.
A participant's account of their own experience. It is never an outcome measurement, an efficacy indicator, or evidence, whatever its value.
Perceived Relatedness
A controlled category recording whether the participant perceived an experience as connected to the session. It records a perception and is never promoted to an attribution.
Permutation Function
A named reordering rule applied to a Symmetry voice note sequence at each cycle boundary (identity, rotate forward, rotate backward, reversal, shuffle).
Population Descriptor
An identified description of a study population or participant group referenced by an assessment scope or evidence basis.
Preset
Patch
A reusable, versioned parameter configuration that makes a particular engine, instrument or design produce an intended sensory stimulation. A preset follows a protocol or framework but is not itself the protocol, and it is not the stimulation: it is the set of settings from which one engine reproduces it.
Until 0.11.x the definition named "audio architecture" as a constituent. That described the BSC catalog format, not presets: a sensory stimulation preset may carry visual, haptic, respiratory, olfactory, gustatory or electromagnetic layers, as sstim-ex:StimulusChannel already recognises. Corrected by ADR 0041.
Engine-dependent by nature. Two engines that produce identical stimulation may have entirely unrelated presets, and two research groups will have unrelated schemas, so the field list is a property of a schema rather than of this class. The BSC catalog format and Patch Studio's patch-studio-model-1 are two such schemas; they are conformance profiles of this class, not distinct classes. "Patch" is a synonym, from modular-synthesis usage. The engine-independent description of what actually reaches the subject is sstim:StimulusSpecification, which is a different layer (ADR 0041).
Preset Group
A classification of BSC presets by design character, evidence strength, and use context. Five groups: Heal, Support, Perform, Indulge, Transcend.
Livello di Affermazione Pubblica
Nivel de Afirmación Pública
Nível de Alegação Pública
Public Claim Level
A named ceiling on what a sensory-stimulation product may assert about itself on a public-facing surface, ordered from descriptive fact to quantified/superiority claims. Each level carries the minimum evidence-tier rank required to assert at that level publicly, so over-claiming is machine-checkable. A risk-reduction classification, not legal advice.
Public-Safe Reference
A peer-reviewed publication cleared for citation in BSC user-facing content. Must be cleared in the BSC Reference Agent before use in preset techDesc fields.
Renderable Parameter
A controlled information category naming the parameter a signal is rendered onto — amplitude, frequency, luminance, size, spatial position, vibration intensity. Which parameters exist is modality-specific; that a signal drives one of them is not.
This is also the modulation relation. A control signal driving another layer's parameter, such as a breathing oscillation driving spatial position, is a rendering onto that parameter rather than a separate mechanism.
Rendering Mechanism
A controlled information category naming how a signal is made to reach a subject through one channel: amplitude modulation of a carrier, a binaural or monaural beat, direct presentation, and so on. The mechanism is a property of the rendering, not of the signal.
Rendering Presence
A controlled information category recording whether a rendering puts the signal physically into the world or produces it perceptually. An isochronic tone and a visual flicker are physically present; a binaural beat is not, being constructed by the auditory system from two carriers that each lack it.
Load-bearing for evidence, not descriptive: a finding about a physically present 10 Hz modulation does not transfer freely to a perceptually constructed one, even within the same modality.
Reported Severity
A controlled category recording how severe a participant said an experience was.
Reproducibility Level
A controlled category stating which reproduction claim a session record supports: identical rendered output, equivalent generated signal within numerical tolerance, or only the same targets, arc, architecture and duration.
Response State
A controlled category stating why a value is or is not present on an observation.
Review Decision Value
The outcome of an evidence review: confirm, request revision, or reject.
Review Status
The audit status of an evidence claim's tier assignment (provisional, reviewed, or needs update).
Reviewer Relationship
The relationship of a review's agent to the assessed work: self, same organization, external, or unknown. External relationship never implies independence.
Scope Marker
A controlled marker stating that a scope axis is unknown, not reported, or not applicable. Mutually exclusive with concrete values on the same axis.
Neuromodulación Autodirigida
Neuromodulazione Autodiretta
Neuromodulação Autodirigida
Self-Directed Neuromodulation
Neuromodulation produced by the individual's own deliberate self-regulation via an applied stimulus, cue, or feedback delivery — for example neurofeedback, biofeedback, or paced-breathing guidance — corresponding on techniques to the active-self-regulatory participant-engagement mode (ADR 0035). Requires a delivery medium, like every sstim:Stimulation; a practice with no applied stimulus is sstim:DeliberateSelfRegulation but not this class (ADR 0037).
Distinct from the spontaneous physiological, neurotransmitter-level endogenous neuromodulation that sstim:Neuromodulation excludes: self-directed neuromodulation is deliberate and stimulus-mediated. sstim:DeliberateSelfRegulation is the neutral genus that also covers practices with no applied stimulus (unguided meditation, volitional breathwork), which are not this class (ADR 0037).
Self-Report
A consent-governed, session-associated collection event gathering a participant's own account at an explicitly identified phase. Its content is a set of qualified participant observations, each carrying the prompt, scale and response state that make it interpretable.
Definition revised 2026-08-13 (ADR 0048). The previous wording promised optional free text that no property supported, and named five fixed values as the report's content.
The five scalar properties below — primary affect, focus rating, sleepiness, subjective quality and goal achieved — remain valid as documented simple projections of that model, and existing data keeps its meaning. They carry the answer and drop everything that qualifies it, so new authoring should attach sstim:ParticipantObservation instances and treat the scalars as a summary.
Self-Report Phase
A controlled category identifying when a self-report was collected relative to its associated session, such as before, immediately after, or at follow-up.
Modalidad Sensorial
Modalidade Sensorial
Modalità Sensoriale
Sensory Modality
A controlled information category identifying a channel of sensory perception through which stimulation is delivered or perceived. Values include auditory, visual, somatosensory, interoceptive, vestibular, and olfactory.
Sensory Neurostimulation
The sensory kind of neurostimulation: canonical sensory stimulation delivered without the individual's active self-regulation, with a neural-modulation objective. The intersection of sstim:Neurostimulation and sstim:SensoryRouteNeuromodulation, not a further primitive class.
A sensory-route neuromodulation case that is instead self-directed (for example sonification-based biofeedback) is sstim:SensoryRouteNeuromodulation but not this class, because it does not meet sstim:Neurostimulation's own exclusion of self-directed cases (ADR 0036).
Sensory Neurostimulation Technique
The technique-layer counterpart of sstim:SensoryNeurostimulation: a sensory-route neuromodulation technique delivered without the individual's active self-regulation. The intersection of sstim:NeurostimulationTechnique and sstim:SensoryRouteNeuromodulationTechnique, not a further primitive class.
Neuromodulación por Vía Sensorial
Neuromodulazione per Via Sensoriale
Neuromodulação por Via Sensorial
Sensory-Route Neuromodulation
A stimulation process that is both sensory stimulation and neuromodulation, and that declares canonical sensory transduction and afferent processing as an intended causal route. This is the overlap of the two families, not a subclass of either alone.
Distinct from neuromodulation of a sensory system, which is a target-axis statement, and from a sensation merely accompanying neuromodulation, which is recorded through perceived modality and channel role (ADR 0034 §2).
Sensory-Route Neuromodulation Intervention
A planned or executed intervention that is both a sensory stimulation intervention and a neuromodulation intervention, declaring canonical sensory transduction and afferent processing as an intended causal route.
Sensory-Route Neuromodulation Protocol
A protocol that is both a sensory stimulation protocol and a neuromodulation protocol, declaring canonical sensory transduction and afferent processing as an intended causal route.
Sensory-Route Neuromodulation Technique
A technique that is both a sensory stimulation technique and a neuromodulation technique, declaring canonical sensory transduction and afferent processing as an intended causal route. A technique is dual-typed here only when neural-modulation intent is part of the technique concept's own definition, never because one possible use is neuromodulatory.
Estimulación Sensorial
Estimulação Sensorial
Sensory Stimulation
Stimolazione Sensoriale
A stimulation process whose defining intervention route engages canonical sensory transduction and afferent processing with structured input delivered according to specified parameters for a declared purpose. The class identifies the delivery process; any mechanism, response, or outcome is represented separately and requires its own evidence.
Conscious perception is not required, and an incidental sensation arising from another primary route is insufficient. Covers entrainment-based stimulation (binaural beats, isochronous tones), non-entrainment stimulation (stochastic resonance, attentional anchoring), and autonomic stimulation (paced respiratory entrainment). Does not include passive incidental sensory exposure.
Intension: the SNOMED concept carries an explicit therapeutic intent attribute, while this class admits experimental, expressive, accessibility and informational purposes and asserts no therapeutic commitment. Extension: the SNOMED concept subsumes clinical tactile technique, while this class covers binaural beats, photic driving and isochronic tones, which it does not subsume. Hence narrowMatch. Deliberately not closeMatch: asserting interchangeability would import a therapeutic framing this project disclaims (docs/concept/SCOPE.md and the no-medical-claims invariant).
Sensory Stimulation Framework
A broad information artifact defining a family of sensory stimulation principles, techniques, protocols, evidence rules, grouping logic, and design constraints. A framework can guide multiple protocols, implementations, presets, and sessions.
Sensory Stimulation Implementation
A concrete realization of a sensory stimulation framework or protocol, represented in SSTIM by the implementation identity and metadata. An implementation can be software, hardware, mechanical, manual, or hybrid.
Intervención de Estimulación Sensorial
Intervento di Stimolazione Sensoriale
Intervenção de Estimulação Sensorial
Sensory Stimulation Intervention
A specific, designed execution of Sensory Stimulation with defined parameters, target modalities, intended effect, and delivery mechanism. An intervention can realize a session specification derived from a preset, protocol, or framework.
Sensory Stimulation Protocol
A structured method specification for using one or more sensory stimulation techniques toward an intended use, including composition rules, timing, parameter ranges, constraints, and cautions. A protocol is narrower than a framework and can constrain many presets.
Sensory Stimulation Technique
Tecnica di Stimolazione Sensoriale
Técnica de Estimulación Sensorial
Técnica de Estimulação Sensorial
An information-content category for a reusable, parameterizable method of sensory stimulation, characterized by stimulus form, delivery mechanism, and any explicitly proposed response mechanism. A technique is less specific than a protocol and does not by itself provide enough detail to reproduce an intervention.
Sensory-Transduction-Bypassing Access Route
A neural access route that reaches its target without canonical sensory receptor transduction, whether by physical neural interaction, biochemical or pharmacological engagement, or indirect non-sensory physiological mediation.
An asserted bypass route positively identifies such a route; it does not prove the technique is non-sensory, because a hybrid may also declare an intended sensory route. Absence of a sensory type is not OWL negation.
Session Event
One observed occurrence during the execution of a session, located by its offset on the timing context that delivered the stimulus. An event records what the delivering system did — starting, pausing, resuming, falling back to another engine, applying a safety limit — and never what a participant experienced, which is a participant observation.
Deliberately not a planned process: an event is observed during execution, whereas the session specification is the plan.
Session Event Type
A controlled category of occurrence during a session execution.
Session Instance
The record of an actual execution of a session specification, including timing, completion status, platform, and optional self-report. Append-only: never modified after creation.
Session Specification
A complete, reproducible description of a specific intended execution of a preset, including user-defined overrides of preset defaults. The unit of scientific reproducibility: given a specification and a conforming engine, the acoustic output is fully determined.
Signal Rendering
How one signal is made to reach a subject through one channel: onto which renderable parameter, by which mechanism, and whether the result is physically present or perceptually constructed. A qualified relation rather than a bare link, because all three of those are properties of the binding and not of either end.
Signal Shape
A controlled information category naming the form of a time-varying signal: the periodic shapes (sine, square, sawtooth, triangle), an envelope, noise, or a sampled recording. One vocabulary serves two roles — the shape a signal has, and the waveform a rendering presents — because they are the same fact seen from either side.
Noise is a shape whose extent is wide rather than a special case: white noise is this shape across the audible range, band-limited noise the same shape bounded to an interval. A sampled shape is an asset rather than a function, so it carries a source, a licence and a checksum where a sine carries none.
Source Governance Record
An immutable record governing a research output used as evidence: source version and digest, custodian, access classification, consent/ethics basis or an explicit not-applicable determination, and permitted use scope, with generation time and a qualified responsible agent.
Estimulación
Estimulação
Stimolazione
Stimulation
A deliberately parameterized process in which structured physical energy, mechanical input, a chemical agent, or another controlled input is applied as a stimulus with a declared design intent to elicit, perturb, regulate, or probe an identified biological, sensory, or neural process. Mere exposure, administration, or energy transfer without that stimulation intent is insufficient. Classification does not assert excitation, conscious perception, response, benefit, or safety.
The neutral umbrella over sensory stimulation and interventional neuromodulation. It carries no commitment to an applied medium, delivery approach, biological access route, or anatomical target; those are recorded on separate facets (ADR 0034).
The direction is left undetermined on purpose. This class's definition admits any deliberately parameterized process applied to an identified biological, sensory or neural process, under which the SNOMED concept would be narrower. Its scope note instead describes a neutral umbrella over sensory stimulation and interventional neuromodulation, under which the two merely overlap, because the SNOMED concept subsumes procedural stimulation that is neither. That is the same definition-versus-scope-note divergence recorded for sensory stimulation and non-neural recipients in docs/ontology/SENSORY_STIMULATION_SENSE_REVIEW.md. relatedMatch asserts the association without asserting a subsumption that a definition-authority decision could invalidate; upgrade to narrowMatch if the definition text is ruled normative.
Stimulation Delivery Approach
A coarse, non-exclusive operational category summarizing how an input is introduced or an interface is positioned — for example external, transcutaneous, transcranial, implanted, or systemic. Detailed device, body placement, administration, and dose remain in the exposure profile.
Values are deliberately non-exclusive: a method may be external, transcutaneous, and transcranial at once. No approach tag is inferred from any other facet.
Stimulation Intervention
A specific, designed execution of a stimulation process with defined parameters, delivery, and intended effect. The neutral planned-process layer over sensory stimulation and neuromodulation interventions.
Mecanismo de Estimulación
Mecanismo de Estimulação
Meccanismo di Stimolazione
Stimulation Mechanism
A controlled information category identifying a proposed neurobiological or psychophysiological pathway through which a stimulus may produce a measured response or intended effect. Mechanism assignments require separate evidence assessment.
Stimulation Parameter Kind
A controlled, modality-neutral category naming which delivery quantity a mid-session change acted on, such as the level, the carrier, or the modulation rate.
Kinds, not field names. A vocabulary of named product fields would bind SSTIM to one application's parameter list; these categories are meant to hold for an auditory, visual or haptic channel alike, and an implementation maps its own field onto the kind.
Stimulation Protocol
A structured method specification for using one or more stimulation techniques toward an intended use, including composition rules, timing, parameter ranges, constraints, and cautions. The neutral protocol layer over sensory stimulation and neuromodulation protocols.
Stimulation Signal
A time-varying function with a frequency extent, a shape, and no modality: what is to be delivered, said independently of any sense it might be delivered through. A 10 Hz square wave is one signal whether it becomes an amplitude-modulated tone, a flickering light or a vibration.
Deliberately modality-free. The moment a signal acquires a carrier or a luminance it has become a rendering, which is a different entity. Its identity is what makes two channels comparable, so a signal shared between them is the assertion that they deliver the same thing.
Stimulation Technique
A reusable information-content category for a parameterizable stimulation method. Classification records the method's declared design intent and characteristic delivery, not that any response occurred.
The neutral technique layer over sensory stimulation and interventional neuromodulation techniques. Electrical, magnetic, acoustic, optical, thermal, and chemical stimulation are property-based views over this class, not primitive subclasses (ADR 0034 §4).
Stimulus Specification
An engine-independent description of a sensory stimulation, stating what reaches the subject in physical or perceptual units rather than the settings that make a particular engine produce it. Two implementations whose output matches realise the same stimulus specification, which is what makes them comparable.
Most of the rendering layer this class needs already exists on sstim-ex:StimulusChannel: a delivery medium and a perceived modality held apart, and rate properties per rendering — hasFrequencyHz for a carrier or tone, hasFlickerRateHz for a visual rate, hasBeatFrequencyHz for a monaural or binaural difference frequency. What is missing is the shared signal that ties them together. When one specification targets 10 Hz through an audio channel and a visual one, each channel states its own decimal and nothing asserts they are the same 10 Hz, so a consumer must infer identity by comparing numbers — and the comparability this class exists to provide is exactly what goes unstated. hasFrequencyHz also carries two roles at once, a carrier or a tone frequency, so a 10 Hz tactile vibration and a 200 Hz audio carrier use one property for different things. When the shared signal is added, keep the physical/perceptual distinction at the rendering layer: an isochronic tone and a visual flicker put a real modulation into the world, a binaural beat does not, and evidence does not transfer freely between them. See SSTIM_DIRECTIONS.md §5.
Not a sstim:Preset, which is engine-dependent by nature, and not a prov:Plan: a plan is something to be carried out, while this states what is or would be the case. It asserts nothing about effect — evidence, intended outcome and safety metadata are authored by a human through the gated catalog bridge and are never inferred from parameters.
Stimulus Temporal Structure
The temporal organization of an applied stimulus or agent. Values cover carrier periodicity (periodic, quasi-periodic, aperiodic), closed-loop adaptation, discrete event and pulse-train patterns, and administration schedules. Values are non-disjoint and may be combined, because carrier periodicity, pulse pattern, and administration schedule are different temporal features. Detailed executed timing remains in the exposure profile.
Study Design
The design of the underlying studies contributing to an evidence source (for example randomized controlled trial, observational, case report, preclinical experiment, mixed, or unknown).
Study Model
The model or stage in which an evidence source's findings were produced (for example human participants, preclinical animal model, in vitro, computational).
Symmetry Voice
N notes log-distributed over I octaves, repeated with algebraic group permutation at each cycle boundary, at pulse rate N/d Hz. When I=0, reduces to traditional isochronous tone stimulation.
Timing Authority
A controlled category identifying which timing surface produced a session's event offsets, so a consumer can tell whether they came from audio hardware or from a substitute clock.
Track
A single layer within an engine configuration, carrying the parameters that specify what that layer contributes to the arrangement. A track is exactly one of audio, visual, haptic or control.
The generic superclass for audio, visual, haptic, and control layers. The optional Patch Studio profile specializes sstim:Voice under sstim:AudioTrack; other configuration schemas may define their own Track subclasses. ADR 0041 renamed the former Patch Studio control voices to LFO and Permutation before adding that Voice subsumption, removing the earlier audible-versus-control ambiguity.
Unwanted Experience Category
A controlled, non-diagnostic category describing an unwanted experience in the participant's own terms.
Unwanted Experience Observation
One unwanted experience as described by the participant: a controlled category, the severity they reported, when it began, how long it persisted, what they did about it, whether it resolved, and whether they perceived it as related to the session.
Deliberately not named or modelled as a side effect or adverse event. Both terms assert a causal or clinical conclusion that a participant report cannot establish, and using them would make every record of ordinary discomfort read as a safety finding.
Visual Track
A track whose output is visible. Rate-bearing visual tracks are subject to the runtime flash-rate safety limits recorded in the exposure module.
Voice
An audio layer within a BSC catalog preset, identified by its technique type (Binaural, Martigli, Martigli-Binaural, Symmetry) and carrying the parameters that fully specify that voice. A catalog preset contains 1–6 voices.
The catalog-model specialisation of sstim:AudioTrack: every voice is an audio track, while an audio track in another schema need not be one of the four catalog technique types.
Voice Type
A named category of BSC audio voice (Binaural, Martigli, Martigli-Binaural, Symmetry) identifying the synthesis technique a voice realizes. Classification anchor for the SKOS voice-type vocabulary; distinct from the sstim:Voice parameter-bundle classes in Part 6.
Amendment activity
An operational activity recording that an ecosystem relationship was amended, with the revision chain expressed using PROV. Invalidated values and the detailed amendment event remain in the private audit ledger; the public graph publishes only the approved current replacement.
Consent decision activity
An activity recording a controlled consent outcome for one relationship and purpose. Raw consent evidence remains private and is not represented by this public summary.
Ecosystem agent
A person or organization active in, or relevant to, the field of sensory stimulation, recorded in the SSTIM ecosystem. Instances are additionally typed with schema.org/FOAF person or organization classes. The class is evaluatively neutral: contributor, stakeholder, cited-author, peer-project, and similar roles are assigned to qualified relationship records with sstim-eco:hasRelationshipType, not asserted as global agent types.
Ecosystem record purpose
A controlled purpose for which an ecosystem relationship or engagement activity is recorded, such as public discovery, attribution, outreach, or live publication.
Ecosystem relationship
A named, qualified record binding exactly one ecosystem agent to one target, relationship type, purpose, source set, curator, and review history so values cannot be cross-associated across several relationships.
Ecosystem engagement activity
A named activity recording one lifecycle event for one ecosystem relationship, with a purpose, controlled outcome, timestamp, and responsible agent. The private operational ledger is append-only; only approved positive state is projected publicly.
Engagement outcome
A controlled minimal outcome of an ecosystem engagement activity. Positive admission outcomes may appear in the public current-state graph; negative and operational outcomes remain private. No outcome publishes correspondence, contact details, or raw consent evidence.
Implementation responsibility
A qualified relationship identifying a person or organization that develops, publishes, maintains, provides, operates, hosts, or funds a specific sstim:SensoryStimulationImplementation.
Implementation responsibility type
A controlled relationship type identifying how a person or organization is responsible for a sensory-stimulation implementation, such as developer, publisher, maintainer, provider, operator, host, or funder.
Notification activity
An activity recording that notification about an ecosystem relationship was sent or failed, without publishing its channel, address, or message.
Organization membership
A sourced, time-qualified relationship in which a person is a member of an organization in an identified ORG role. The member and organization also fill the relationship-agent and relationship-target positions.
Publication decision activity
An activity recording whether a qualified ecosystem relationship is approved or withheld for publication under its declared purpose. In a public SSTIM ecosystem artifact, the chronologically final activity for every admitted relationship is an approval decision.
Ecosystem relationship type
A controlled category describing how an ecosystem agent relates to sensory stimulation or to SSTIM (e.g. contributor, stakeholder, cited author). Instances are the dual-typed SKOS concepts of the EcosystemRelationScheme.
Response activity
An activity recording a controlled response outcome for an ecosystem relationship without publishing response text or private evidence. Only acknowledged is public-safe; change, objection, and removal outcomes remain private.
Withdrawal activity
An operational activity recording a removal request or consent withdrawal for one qualified ecosystem relationship. The event is retained in the private audit ledger while the withdrawn relationship and identifying public chain are removed from the current public graph.
Audio Noise Color
Controlled vocabulary class for named audio-noise color conventions. Names vary across communities and should be defined by spectral slope when possible.
Biohacking Context
Experiment context for exploratory self-observation, sensory experimentation, or non-clinical biohacking practice.
Body Placement
Controlled vocabulary class for where a device, medium, or exposure is placed on, in, or near the body.
Boundary Applicability Statement
A reasoned statement that a named comfort or safety boundary or exposure limit applies to a profile or channel. An applicability judgment, not an evidential finding.
Comfort Boundary
A boundary or caution condition for comfort, discomfort, awareness, fatigue, or risk during an exposure.
Device Capability
Controlled vocabulary class for hardware or environmental capabilities required to deliver, separate, sense, or shape an exposure.
Effect Dimension
Controlled vocabulary class for comfort, risk, perception, and physiological dimensions that a hypothesis, research question, design objective, or planned outcome can concern. A subclass of sstim:EvidenceOutcomeConcept (ADR 0027), so existing dimension values are reusable as outcome concepts without ad hoc dual typing.
Experiment Context
Information artifact describing the local context of an exploratory protocol or exposure example.
Exploratory Protocol
Non-clinical protocol used to explore an exposure idea, capability boundary, or perceptual hypothesis without asserting treatment, diagnosis, cure, or guaranteed effect.
Deliberately not a subclass of any stimulation protocol: a baseline defined by the absence of stimulation, or a mere-exposure hypothesis, must not become stimulation by inheritance. An exploratory protocol that is genuinely stimulation declares that type explicitly (ADR 0034 §7).
Exposure Design Objective
A desired delivery capability or experience that does not predict an observed effect. Any empirical expectation belongs in a separate hypothesis.
Exposure Effect Claim (deprecated)
Deprecated ADR 0027: this class mixed hypotheses, questions, boundary applicability, requirements, design objectives, planned outcomes, and status assertions under evidence semantics. Its instances migrate to the role-specific statement classes; removed no earlier than 1.0.
Deprecated 2026-07-13 by ADR 0027; the 27 live instances migrate per the ADR 0027 migration ledger.
Exposure Hypothesis
A testable proposition asserting an expected relation, difference, or direction for an exposure. Not evidence: it carries no tier, direction, basis, or review metadata and can never satisfy an evidence-assessment shape.
Exposure Limit
A quantified safety limit for an exposure, such as a maximum flash frequency, a sound-level dose, or an optical-radiation exposure boundary. An exposure limit carries a value and/or maximum frequency, an optional averaging time and body placement, and should cite the external standard it is derived from. It does not itself assert that any specific delivery is safe; it records the threshold against which a delivery is checked.
Exposure Measurement Requirement
A protocol requirement identifying the exposure quantities and sensor capability that must be measured or recorded.
Exposure Profile
Information artifact describing how one exploratory or operational stimulation exposure is delivered, perceived, placed, bounded, and interpreted.
Knowledge Status
Local status vocabulary for distinguishing known SSTIM patterns, hypotheses, unknowns, lack of known SSTIM evidence, and BSC Lab capability boundaries.
Knowledge Status Activity
The PROV activity that generates a knowledge-status assertion, recording time, method/corpus revision, and a qualified responsible agent/role.
Knowledge Status Assertion
An immutable, scoped, dated assertion assigning an existing controlled KnowledgeStatus value to an identified subject: exactly one subject link, one status value, one as-of date, and a named corpus scope or scope note. It states what a named corpus records as of a date — never a universal claim — and carries no evidence tier, direction, basis, or review metadata.
Perceived Modality
Controlled vocabulary class for the sensory, perceptual, behavioral, interoceptive, or social-perceptual channel engaged by an exposure.
Perceptual Gain
A perceived capability, salience, immersion, or access gained by an exposure setup.
Perceptual Loss
A perceived field, awareness, comfort, capability, or certainty lost or reduced by an exposure setup.
Physical Delivery Medium
Controlled vocabulary class for the physical medium, energy, material, or environmental interface through which a stimulus or exposure reaches a person.
Planned Outcome Specification
A dimension and collection/comparison plan for an exposure — what would be collected and compared, not an observation result.
Protocol Requirement
A reproducibility, measurement, context, or study-design requirement constraining a protocol, profile, or channel.
Research Question
An open question about an exposure that asserts no expected result.
Stimulus Channel
A channel within a stimulus specification or exposure profile, such as an audio, visual, haptic, respiratory, olfactory, gustatory, or electromagnetic exposure path.
The paths named here are asserted by sstim-ex:perceivedModality and sstim-ex:deliveryMedium, which hold apart the sense a channel engages and the physical medium that reaches it. Note that SSTIM carries two modality vocabularies with different intensions: sstim-ex:PerceivedModality names the channel an exposure engages, twelve values including proprioceptive, gustatory, multimodal and not-directly-perceived — the last two are not senses at all — while sstim:SensoryModality names a sense, six values. The six they share are bridged by skos:closeMatch from the exposure side, deliberately close rather than exact because the intensions differ. Choose by role: a channel engages a perceived modality; a technique or an assessment scope is about a sensory modality.
Stimulus Channel Role
A controlled category for the part a stimulus channel plays in an exposure: an intended causal intervention path, an associated concomitant exposure, a control or sham path, or a feedback path.
Stimulus Pattern
Controlled vocabulary class for temporal, spatial, color, or stochastic stimulus patterns.
Visual Noise Type
Controlled vocabulary class for visual noise, visual field, and simple visual stimulus types.
Controlled purposes that scope qualified ecosystem relationships and their public engagement activities.
SSTIM Ecosystem Purpose Vocabulary
Controlled types assigned to qualified ecosystem relationship records. A term such as contributor, stakeholder, organization member, or implementation developer describes one sourced agent-target relationship, not the agent globally.
SSTIM Ecosystem Relationship Vocabulary
Minimal controlled outcomes for ecosystem engagement activities. Only positive admission outcomes may be projected publicly; negative and operational outcomes, messages, channels, and evidence remain private.
SSTIM Engagement Outcome Vocabulary
An author whose work is cited by SSTIM's evidence or references. Historical or current; implies no ongoing engagement.
Autor citado
Autore citato
Cited author
An agent that has contributed to the sensory-stimulation field — in knowledge, research, practice, or business.
Contribuidor
Contributor
Contributore
An agent that funds work relevant to SSTIM or the field.
Financiador
Finanziatore
Funder
An agent responsible for developing a specific sensory-stimulation implementation.
Desarrollador de la implementación
Desenvolvedor da implementação
Implementation developer
Sviluppatore dell'implementazione
An agent responsible for maintaining a specific sensory-stimulation implementation.
Implementation maintainer
Mantenedor da implementação
Mantenedor de la implementación
Manutentore dell'implementazione
An agent responsible for operating a specific sensory-stimulation implementation in a declared context.
Implementation operator
Operador da implementação
Operador de la implementación
Operatore dell'implementazione
An agent that makes a specific sensory-stimulation implementation available for use without necessarily developing it.
Fornecedor da implementação
Fornitore dell'implementazione
Implementation provider
Proveedor de la implementación
An agent responsible for publishing or distributing a specific sensory-stimulation implementation.
Editor de la implementación
Editore dell'implementazione
Implementation publisher
Publicador da implementação
An institution hosting people or projects that work in the field.
Ente ospitante
Institución anfitriona
Instituição anfitriã
Institutional host
A person related to an organization through a sourced, time-qualified org:Membership record and an identified ORG role.
Membro da organização
Membro dell'organizzazione
Miembro de la organización
Organization member
The subject acknowledged the engagement without this value implying broader consent.
Acknowledged
Acuse recibido
Reconhecido
Riscontro ricevuto
The subject requested changes to the relationship record.
Alterações solicitadas
Cambios solicitados
Changes requested
Modifiche richieste
Consent was declined for the activity's declared relationship and purpose only.
Consenso negato
Consent declined
Consentimento recusado
Consentimiento denegado
Consent was granted for the activity's declared relationship and purpose only.
Consenso concesso
Consent granted
Consentimento concedido
Consentimiento concedido
Previously granted consent was withdrawn for the scoped relationship and purpose.
Consenso revocato
Consent withdrawn
Consentimento retirado
Consentimiento retirado
A notification attempt failed; operational details remain private.
Falha na notificação
Notifica non riuscita
Notificación fallida
Notification failed
Notification was sent; no channel, address, or message is published.
Notifica inviata
Notificación enviada
Notification sent
Notificação enviada
The subject objected to the scoped relationship or its publication.
Obiezione sollevata
Objeción presentada
Objected
Objeção apresentada
The curated record was approved for the relationship's declared purpose in the mutable live dataset.
Pubblicazione approvata
Publicación aprobada
Publication approved
Publicação aprovada
Publication was withheld for the activity's declared purpose.
Pubblicazione sospesa
Publicación retenida
Publication withheld
Publicação retida
The qualified relationship record was amended through an identified revision.
Record amended
Registrazione modificata
Registro emendado
Registro enmendado
Removal of the scoped live relationship record was requested.
Eliminación solicitada
Removal requested
Remoção solicitada
Rimozione richiesta
A peer initiative or platform with goals adjacent to SSTIM/BSC Lab.
Peer project
Progetto affine
Projeto congênere
Proyecto afín
Eligibility for permanent citable archival publication. The archival pipeline is not implemented by ADR 0031.
Archival publication
Pubblicazione archivistica
Publicación archivística
Publicação arquivística
Publishing a record in a controlled mutable dataset outside the Zenodo-tracked release repository and its immutable DOI deposits.
Live publication
Pubblicazione dinamica
Publicación dinámica
Publicação dinâmica
Recording an engagement for transparent ecosystem outreach and follow-up.
Divulgación
Divulgazione
Divulgação
Outreach
Recording a sourced relationship to give accurate public credit or responsibility attribution.
Atribución pública
Atribuição pública
Attribuzione pubblica
Public attribution
Recording a sourced professional relationship so users can discover relevant people and organizations.
Descoberta pública
Descubrimiento público
Public discovery
Reperibilità pubblica
An agent that produces sources referenced by SSTIM, without a closer relationship.
Fonte referenciada
Fonte referenziata
Fuente referenciada
Referenced source
An agent collaborating on research relevant to SSTIM.
Colaborador de investigación
Colaborador de pesquisa
Collaboratore di ricerca
Research collaborator
An agent providing scientific guidance to the SSTIM/BSC Lab effort.
Asesor científico
Consulente scientifico
Consultor científico
Scientific advisor
An agent with an active stake or investment in the sensory-stimulation field or in SSTIM.
Parte interesada
Parte interessada
Portatore di interesse
Stakeholder
An organization that develops standards relevant to sensory stimulation or its interoperability.
Ente di normazione
Organismo de normalización
Organismo de normalização
Standards body
An organization producing tools, devices, or applications for sensory stimulation.
Fornecedor de ferramentas
Fornitore di strumenti
Proveedor de herramientas
Tool vendor
Named audio-noise color conventions. Names vary across communities and should be defined by spectral slope when possible.
Audio Noise Color Scheme
SSTIM should avoid assuming that color-noise names are exact scientific definitions unless spectral slope or generation method is documented.
Body or near-body placements for exposure devices, media, and channels.
Body Placement Scheme
Reusable comfort, fatigue, awareness, and risk boundaries for exposure profiles.
Comfort Boundary Scheme
Physical media, energies, materials, and interfaces used to deliver or model an exposure.
Delivery Medium Scheme
Hardware and environmental capabilities required for SSTIM exposure delivery, separation, sensing, or immersion.
Device Capability Scheme
Effect, risk, comfort, and measurement dimensions that exposure claims can concern.
Effect Dimension Scheme
Reusable contexts for non-clinical exploratory protocol instances.
Experiment Context Scheme
Local SSTIM/BSC Lab knowledge and delivery status markers. These statuses do not assert global scientific absence unless a separate literature review supports that claim.
Knowledge Status Scheme
Perceived or engaged modalities for SSTIM exposure profiles.
Perceived Modality Scheme
Reusable perceptual gains for exposure examples.
Perceptual Gain Scheme
Reusable perceptual losses, costs, or limitations for exposure examples.
Perceptual Loss Scheme
Roles a stimulus channel can play in an exposure profile: intended causal intervention, concomitant exposure, control or sham, or feedback.
Stimulus Channel Role Scheme
Temporal, spatial, stochastic, color, and texture patterns for stimulus channels.
Stimulus Pattern Scheme
Visual noise and simple field stimuli for visual exposure channels.
Visual Noise Scheme
silence
Silence, near-silence, muting, or absence of intended audio stimulus.
black/silence
negro/silencio
nero/silenzio
preto/silêncio
Silence as the lack of audible sound. This concept additionally covers muting and the deliberate absence of an intended stimulus, which is a stimulation-context extension rather than a different subject.
Noise rising at about 3 dB per octave, the inverse of pink. Perceptually thin and hissing.
blue noise
ruido azul
rumore blu
ruído azul
Define by spectral slope or generation method when used in a protocol.
A thin item: it names the colour and carries neither description nor type, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible assertion, as it is for monaural beats.
Brownian noise
red noise
Noise falling at about 6 dB per octave, weighting low frequencies heavily. Perceptually deep and rumbling.
brown/red noise
ruido marrón/rojo
rumore marrone/rosso
ruído marrom/vermelho
Brownian noise, the signal noise produced by Brownian motion, which is the roughly 6 dB per octave fall this concept names. The label differs from ours, brown and red being the same colour convention.
gray noise
Noise shaped to a psychoacoustic equal-loudness contour, so it is perceived as roughly equally loud across frequency rather than being flat in power.
grey noise
ruido gris
rumore grigio
ruído cinza
Define by spectral slope, loudness weighting, or generation method when used in a protocol.
Noise following a psychoacoustic equal-loudness contour, which is this concept's definition almost word for word.
Noise with equal power per octave, falling at about 3 dB per octave. The closest of the coloured noises to how broadband sound is heard.
pink noise
ruido rosa
rumore rosa
ruído rosa
Amplitude inversely proportional to frequency, which is this concept's equal power per octave.
purple noise
Noise rising at about 6 dB per octave, the inverse of brown. The brightest of the coloured noises.
ruido violeta/púrpura
rumore violetto/porpora
ruído violeta/púrpura
violet/purple noise
Typed as noise on Wikidata but carrying no description, so the same reservation as the blue row applies.
Noise with equal power per unit frequency, so its spectrum is flat. Perceptually bright, because hearing resolves higher frequencies into wider bands.
ruido blanco
rumore bianco
ruído branco
white noise
Equal intensity at different frequencies, which is this concept's flat spectrum. One of four rows whose targets Wikidata itself groups under colors of noise (P31 Q4854529), so the family is coherent on both sides.
Boundary for loss of stable posture or spatial orientation during immersive, moving, or mechanically perturbed exposure.
balance-risk boundary
limite de risco de equilíbrio
limite di rischio di equilibrio
límite de riesgo de equilibrio
Boundary for pressure, friction, restriction, or other discomfort caused by direct-contact equipment or materials.
body-contact-comfort boundary
limite de conforto de contato corporal
limite di comfort del contatto corporeo
límite de confort de contacto corporal
Boundary for retaining sufficient awareness of nearby people, obstacles, alarms, traffic, and other environmental events.
environmental-awareness boundary
limite de percepção do ambiente
limite di consapevolezza ambientale
límite de conciencia del entorno
Boundary for visual fatigue or discomfort associated with luminance, contrast, focus demand, stereo disparity, motion, or prolonged viewing.
eye-strain boundary
limite de fadiga visual
limite di affaticamento visivo
límite de fatiga visual
Boundary for calibrated sound level and exposure duration intended to limit excessive acoustic dose; consumer gain values alone cannot establish compliance.
hearing-risk boundary
limite de risco auditivo
limite di rischio uditivo
límite de riesgo auditivo
Boundary for discomfort, reduced situational awareness, or inability to communicate caused by sensory or social isolation.
isolation boundary
limite de isolamento
limite di isolamento
límite de aislamiento
Boundary for non-visible optical-radiation exposure (infrared or ultraviolet) reaching the body, especially the eyes.
limite de radiação óptica
limite di radiazione ottica
límite de radiación óptica
optical-radiation boundary
Boundary for flashing, rapid contrast change, or repetitive visual pattern exposure that requires photosensitivity safeguards.
limite de fotossensibilidade
limite di fotosensibilità
límite de fotosensibilidad
photosensitivity boundary
Boundary for avoiding uncomfortably hot or cold contact, airflow, liquid, or ambient conditions.
limite de conforto térmico
limite di comfort termico
límite de confort térmico
thermal-comfort boundary
Capability to produce controllable airflow with specified direction, rate, or temporal modulation.
actuación de flujo de aire
airflow actuation
attuazione del flusso d'aria
atuação de fluxo de ar
Nearby radiofrequency source such as a Wi-Fi router, phone radio, or comparable environmental emitter. This does not assert stimulation efficacy.
ambient radio emitter
emettitore radio ambientale
emisor de radio ambiental
emissor de rádio ambiental
Capability to overlay tracked visual content on a direct view of the physical environment through augmented-reality eyewear.
AR glasses
gafas de RA
occhiali AR
óculos de RA
Capability to estimate the position or orientation of the head, limbs, torso, or whole body over time.
body-position tracking
rastreamento da posição corporal
seguimiento de la posición corporal
tracciamento della posizione corporea
Capability to modulate display luminance or contrast at a specified temporal frequency while enforcing flash-safety limits.
cintilação do display
display flicker
parpadeo de la pantalla
sfarfallio del display
Capability to present controlled visible-light color and luminance through a display or luminaire.
display light output
emisión de luz de la pantalla
emissione luminosa del display
emissão de luz do display
Stereoscopic perception through eye convergence/divergence or hand-separated viewing rather than a headset.
estereoscopia de visão livre
estereoscopía de visión libre
free-view stereoscopy
stereoscopia a occhio nudo
Capability to block outside vision while presenting intended visual content.
full visual occlusion
occlusione visiva totale
oclusión visual total
oclusão visual total
Capability to apply controlled inertial, tilt, load, or orientation cues that alter perceived body relation to gravity.
gravity cueing
segnalazione gravitazionale
señalización gravitacional
sinalização gravitacional
Capability to deliver controlled tactile or mechanical stimulation through a contact actuator.
actuador háptico
attuatore aptico
atuador háptico
haptic actuator
Capability to deliver ear-level audio with left and right channels isolated sufficiently for the intended presentation.
auriculares
cuffie
fones de ouvido
headphones
Capability to render direction-dependent binaural audio using head-related transfer functions or an equivalent spatialization model.
HRTF/spatial audio
audio espacial/HRTF
audio spaziale/HRTF
áudio espacial/HRTF
Capability to emit non-visible infrared optical radiation. Exploratory; not a current BSC Lab delivery capability.
emisión de luz infrarroja
emissione di luce infrarossa
emissão de luz infravermelha
infrared light output
Capability to apply measured or controlled force, resistance, or motion at an articulated joint.
actuación de fuerza articular
attuazione di forza articolare
atuação de força articular
joint force actuation
Capability to expose body surfaces to controlled liquid, gel, or compliant material for distributed tactile contact.
imersão tátil em líquido/gel
immersione tattile in liquido/gel
inmersión táctil en líquido/gel
liquid/gel/tactile immersion
Capability for walking, moving around, redirected walking, treadmill, platform, controller, or comparable locomotion support.
interfaccia di locomozione
interface de locomoção
interfaz de locomoción
locomotion interface
Capability to coordinate multiple devices positioned at distinct body sites within one exposure.
colocación corporal multidispositivo
multi-device body placement
posicionamento corporal multidispositivo
posizionamento corporeo multi-dispositivo
Capability to deliver timed vibration through a mobile device's built-in actuator.
phone vibration
vibración del teléfono
vibrazione del telefono
vibração do telefone
Capability to track participant movement and orientation across a defined physical area.
rastreamento em escala de sala
room-scale tracking
seguimiento a escala de sala
tracciamento su scala ambiente
Capability to release and clear identified odorants with controlled timing and exposure handling.
emisión de aromas
erogazione di odori
liberação de aromas
scent delivery
Capability to acquire a measured signal for monitoring, adaptation, or closed-loop control.
entrada de sensor
ingresso sensoriale
sensor input
Capability to deliver distinguishable left and right audio signals without unacceptable channel leakage.
separación estéreo
separazione stereo
separação estéreo
stereo separation
Exploratory capability concept for mapping captured environmental or visual structure into tactile presentation.
camera tattile
cámara táctil
câmera tátil
tactile camera
Capability to render spatial or patterned tactile information on the body.
display tattile
display tátil
pantalla táctil
tactile display
Capability to present identified gustatory substances or controlled taste-related stimulation with appropriate hygiene controls.
emisión de sabores
erogazione di sapori
liberação de sabores
taste delivery
Capability to apply controlled warming or cooling within defined contact and exposure limits.
actuación térmica
attuazione termica
atuação térmica
thermal actuation
Capability to emit non-visible ultraviolet optical radiation. Exploratory and optical-safety-bounded; not a current BSC Lab delivery capability.
emisión de luz ultravioleta
emissione di luce ultravioletta
emissão de luz ultravioleta
ultraviolet light output
Capability to present tracked, stereoscopic, head-mounted virtual visual and audio content.
VR headset
headset de RV
visor de RV
visore VR
Capability to coordinate multiple body-worn visible-light emitters with specified spatial and temporal patterns.
matriz de luces ponible
matriz de luzes vestível
schiera di luci indossabile
wearable light array
Capability to coordinate multiple body-worn or near-body acoustic transducers.
matriz de altavoces ponible
matriz de alto-falantes vestível
schiera di altoparlanti indossabile
wearable speaker array
Exploratory self-experimentation context outside clinical care, requiring explicit uncertainty and safety boundaries.
biohacking
Prototype context used to test BSC Lab representation, controls, or delivery capabilities.
BSC Lab prototype
prototipo BSC Lab
protótipo BSC Lab
Design-analysis context used to document what current hardware or software can and cannot deliver.
capability boundary
limite de capacidade
limite di capacità
límite de capacidad
Research or demonstration context that does not provide clinical care, diagnosis, or treatment.
esplorativo non clinico
exploratorio no clínico
exploratory non-clinical
exploratório não clínico
Context in which a participant records their own experience or measurements without inferring general efficacy.
auto-observação
auto-osservazione
autoobservación
self-observation
Context in which two or more participants coordinate, communicate, or share sensory events under an explicit protocol.
protocollo sociale
protocolo social
social protocol
Measurement or hypothesis dimension concerning alertness, activation, or subjective arousal.
activación
arousal
ativação
attivazione
Measurement or risk-assessment dimension concerning postural instability, disorientation, or loss of balance.
balance risk
riesgo de equilibrio
rischio di equilibrio
risco de equilíbrio
Physiological measurement dimension concerning arterial blood pressure; no direction or benefit is implied.
blood pressure
presión arterial
pressione arteriosa
pressão arterial
Perceptual or physical measurement dimension concerning vibration transmitted to or perceived across the body.
body vibration
vibración corporal
vibrazione corporea
vibração corporal
Physiological measurement dimension concerning respiratory cycle frequency or pacing adherence.
breath rate
frecuencia respiratoria
frequenza respiratoria
frequência respiratória
Self-report dimension concerning perceived calmness or low activation.
calm
calma
Self-report or observational dimension concerning unpleasant, painful, fatiguing, or intolerable experience.
desconforto
disagio
discomfort
malestar
Self-report or observational dimension concerning visual fatigue, headache-like discomfort, focus demand, or ocular discomfort.
affaticamento visivo
eye strain
fadiga visual
fatiga visual
Perceptual dimension concerning sensed orientation, load, or motion relative to gravity.
gravity perception
percepción de la gravedad
percepção da gravidade
percezione della gravità
Risk-assessment dimension concerning excessive sound level or duration and potential auditory harm.
hearing risk
riesgo auditivo
rischio uditivo
risco auditivo
Physiological measurement dimension concerning cardiac rate; no direction or health interpretation is implied.
frecuencia cardíaca
frequenza cardiaca
frequência cardíaca
heart rate
Self-report or behavioral dimension concerning the sense of presence, absorption, or enclosure in an exposure.
imersão
immersion
immersione
inmersión
Risk-assessment dimension concerning adverse responses to flashing, rapid contrast changes, or repetitive visual patterns.
photosensitivity risk
riesgo de fotosensibilidad
rischio di fotosensibilità
risco de fotossensibilidade
Generic physiological-response dimension for exploratory claims where no specific measure is selected.
physiological response
resposta fisiológica
respuesta fisiológica
risposta fisiologica
Self-report dimension concerning hedonic valence or how pleasant an exposure is perceived to be.
agradabilidade
agrado
piacevolezza
pleasantness
Perceptual dimension concerning sensed body position, movement, and force.
propiocepción
proprioception
propriocepção
propriocezione
Self-report or behavioral dimension concerning perceived connection, coordination, or shared attention with other people.
conexión social
conexão social
connessione sociale
social connectedness
Sense of being located in, moving through, or interacting with a spatial environment.
presencia espacial
presenza spaziale
presença espacial
spatial presence
Self-report or physiological measurement dimension concerning perceived or measured stress; the term alone asserts no change.
estresse
estrés
stress
Perceptual dimension concerning touch, pressure, texture, or vibration sensed at the body.
sensación táctil
sensazione tattile
sensação tátil
tactile sensation
Perceptual dimension concerning sensed warmth, coolness, or thermal change.
percepción de la temperatura
percepção da temperatura
percezione della temperatura
temperature perception
Setup characteristic in which acoustic presentation increases perceived enclosure, presence, or separation from ambient sound.
audio immersion gain
ganancia de inmersión de audio
ganho de imersão de áudio
guadagno di immersione audio
Setup characteristic in which mechanical coupling adds perceivable whole-body or localized vibration.
body vibration gain
ganancia de vibración corporal
ganho de vibração corporal
guadagno di vibrazione corporea
Setup characteristic in which shared or represented participant activity supports reflection on social coordination or connection.
ganancia de reflexión social
ganho de reflexão social
guadagno di riflessione sociale
social reflection gain
Setup characteristic in which directional rendering adds perceivable location, distance, or movement to sound.
ganancia de audio espacial
ganho de áudio espacial
guadagno di audio spaziale
spatial audio gain
Gain in the sense of being located in, moving through, or interacting with a spatial environment.
ganancia de presencia espacial
ganho de presença espacial
guadagno di presenza spaziale
spatial presence gain
Setup characteristic in which binocular disparity or equivalent cues add perceived visual depth.
ganancia de profundidad estéreo
ganho de profundidade estéreo
guadagno di profondità stereo
stereo-depth gain
Setup characteristic in which distributed contact, texture, pressure, or vibration adds bodily presence.
ganancia de inmersión táctil
ganho de imersão tátil
guadagno di immersione tattile
tactile immersion gain
Setup characteristic in which localized temperature or airflow cues add a sense of nearness or environmental change.
ganancia de proximidad térmica
ganho de proximidade térmica
guadagno di prossimità termica
thermal proximity gain
Represented as a hypothesis or exploratory modeling candidate within SSTIM.
hipótese no SSTIM
hipótesis en SSTIM
hypothesis in SSTIM
ipotesi in SSTIM
Locally known or already represented within SSTIM.
conhecido no SSTIM
conocido en SSTIM
known in SSTIM
noto in SSTIM
three-flash accessibility safeguard
Accessibility safeguard derived from WCAG 2.2 success criterion 2.3.1 and ITU-R BT.1702: content should not exceed three general flashes or three red flashes in one second unless the applicable below-threshold test is satisfied. This simplified frequency bound does not establish individual safety.
recommended sound-exposure limit
NIOSH occupational recommended exposure limit of 85 dBA as an 8-hour time-weighted average, with a 3 dB exchange rate (each 3 dB increase halves the recommended duration). This occupational limit is not a general-public listening recommendation. BSC Lab cannot measure delivered sound pressure level and treats this record as advisory rather than a safety guarantee.
actinic ultraviolet exposure limit
ICNIRP daily exposure limit of 30 J/m2 spectrally weighted effective ultraviolet radiant exposure for unprotected skin and eye, calculated over 180-400 nm. IEC 62471 supplies lamp photobiological risk classification; it is not the source of the 30 J/m2 value. BSC Lab does not deliver ultraviolet radiation at the body.
The historical IRI suffix 'Iec' is retained for identifier stability. The value is attributed explicitly to ICNIRP after the 2026-07-10 external review.
Interpretive limitation indicating that evidence or mechanism uncertainty constrains what can responsibly be claimed.
claim-certainty loss
perda de certeza da afirmação
perdita di certezza dell'affermazione
pérdida de certeza de la afirmación
Setup cost indicating reduced comfort or tolerability from equipment, intensity, posture, duration, or isolation.
comfort loss
perda de conforto
perdita di comfort
pérdida de confort
Implementation limitation indicating that the described exposure cannot be delivered with the current platform.
deliverability loss
perda de entregabilidade
perdita di erogabilità
pérdida de entregabilidad
Engineering limitation indicating unresolved hardware, calibration, synchronization, hygiene, or control requirements.
device-feasibility loss
perda de viabilidade do dispositivo
perdita di fattibilità del dispositivo
pérdida de viabilidad del dispositivo
Setup cost indicating reduced awareness of nearby events, people, obstacles, or alarms.
environmental-awareness loss
perda de percepção do ambiente
perdita di consapevolezza ambientale
pérdida de conciencia del entorno
Visual limitation indicating a reduced horizontal field of view or occlusion of peripheral content.
horizontal-field loss
perda de campo horizontal
perdita di campo orizzontale
pérdida de campo horizontal
Visual limitation indicating that content outside the display or optical field cannot be perceived.
outside-vision loss
perda de visão externa
perdita della visione esterna
pérdida de visión externa
Mechanical wave energy applied as a stimulus, whether or not it is audible.
acoustic energy
energia acustica
energia acústica
energía acústica
MeSH Sound classifies energy above the audible range as ultrasonic and below it as infrasonic, so the descriptor is the audible band. This concept is explicitly "whether or not it is audible" and therefore contains it.
Sound delivered through air before reaching the ear or body.
air-conducted sound
som conduzido pelo ar
sonido conducido por aire
suono per via aerea
The descriptor covers transmission through solid, liquid or gas; this concept is the air path before the ear or body, which is one of the three.
Moving air used as a tactile, thermal, or proximity cue.
airflow
flujo de aire
flusso d'aria
fluxo de ar
Air Movements is "the motion of air currents". This concept adds the purpose, a tactile, thermal or proximity cue, which is an intension difference and not an extension one. Deliberately not the exact-label Wikidata item wd:Q4698686, which is airflow as a measurement rather than moving air.
Electric current delivered through electrodes in contact with tissue or the body surface.
applied electric current
corrente elettrica applicata
corrente elétrica aplicada
corriente eléctrica aplicada
Applied current is not by itself brain stimulation: peripheral nerve, muscle, and cardiac applications use the same medium and are separated by the route, approach, and target facets.
MeSH Electricity spans "the physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion", so it includes electrostatics that this concept, which requires current through electrodes in contact with tissue, excludes.
Electric current specifically, which is what this concept delivers, minus the through-electrodes requirement.
An electric field present in tissue, whether applied directly or induced by a changing magnetic field.
applied electric field
campo elettrico applicato
campo eléctrico aplicado
campo elétrico aplicado
The field induced in tissue by TMS is an established physical transformation, so it is represented here as a secondary tissue-field interaction in the exposure or device description — not as a proposed mechanism. How that field produces a neural response remains a mechanism and evidence question.
A magnetic field applied by a coil or magnet as the primary delivered medium.
applied magnetic field
campo magnetico applicato
campo magnético aplicado
Magnetic Fields is "areas of attractive or repulsive force surrounding magnets". This concept additionally requires that the field be applied by a coil or magnet as the delivered medium.
The physics concept, without the applied-as-medium requirement.
A chemical substance applied as the controlled input of a stimulation method.
agente chimico
agente químico
chemical agent
A neutral delivery category. Unlike the effect-oriented MeSH sense of chemical stimulation, it asserts no increase in any physiological or metabolic parameter, and no response at all; a chemical medium is not by itself neuromodulation, since olfactory and gustatory inputs are chemical and sensory.
Acoustic energy delivered through contact with a vibrating object or surface.
contact acoustic vibration
vibración acústica por contacto
vibrazione acustica per contatto
vibração acústica por contato
Electromagnetic exposure modeled as a physical medium without asserting stimulation efficacy.
campo electromagnético
campo eletromagnético
campo elettromagnetico
electromagnetic field
Electromagnetic Fields is "fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces", which is what this concept models as a medium.
The physical field produced by charged objects, which this concept treats as an exposure medium.
Radiated electromagnetic energy applied as a stimulus, across the optical range and adjacent bands.
electromagnetic radiation
radiación electromagnética
radiazione elettromagnetica
radiação eletromagnética
Described there as waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields moving outward from the source, which is this concept's referent.
Moving water, gel, or other fluid used as a tactile or immersive cue.
fluid motion
moto di fluido
movimento de fluido
movimiento de fluido
Acoustic energy focused on a spatial target, applied above the audible range as the intended causal medium.
focused ultrasound
ultrasonido focalizado
ultrassom focalizado
ultrasuoni focalizzati
An audible or somatosensory concomitant may still be present and is recorded as a separate channel with a concomitant role, not by reclassifying this medium.
Ultrasonic Waves is the frequency band; this concept adds spatial focusing on an identified target. Deliberately not mesh:D057086, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation, which is the ablative technique and a different thing wearing similar words.
The item is ultrasound as a frequency range. Deliberately not wd:Q564897, high-intensity focused ultrasound, which is ablative.
Chemical exposure intended or likely to be perceived through taste.
esposizione chimica gustativa
exposición química gustativa
exposição química gustativa
gustatory chemical exposure
Non-visible optical radiation in the infrared range, modeled as physical exposure without asserting perceptual or physiological effect.
infrared radiation
radiación infrarroja
radiazione infrarossa
radiação infravermelha
Infrared Rays names the same band. The descriptor adds therapeutic-heat and food-warming usage, which this vocabulary does not, so close rather than exact.
The radiation type matching the band this concept names, without the exposure framing.
Liquid or gel contact used as an immersive tactile, thermal, or pressure medium.
imersão em líquido/gel
immersione in liquido/gel
inmersión en líquido/gel
liquid/gel immersion
Applied mechanical force, displacement, or motion delivered to the body or a contacting surface.
forza meccanica
força mecânica
fuerza mecánica
mechanical force
Mechanical motion delivered by an actuator, transducer, surface, or object.
mechanical vibration
vibración mecánica
vibrazione meccanica
vibração mecânica
MeSH Vibration is a continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference, from any source. This concept requires delivery by an actuator, transducer, surface or object.
Same containment against Wikidata's general mechanical phenomenon.
Chemical exposure intended or likely to be perceived through smell.
esposizione chimica olfattiva
exposición química olfativa
exposição química olfativa
olfactory chemical exposure
Odorants names the volatile substances; this concept names an exposure. Different kinds of thing, the same distinction that keeps the multisensory-integration and synaptic-transmission mappings at related.
A pharmacological substance delivered as the controlled input of a stimulation method.
agente farmacologico
agente farmacológico
pharmacological agent
Ordinary systemic neuroactive pharmacotherapy is outside the neuromodulation technique catalog; a bounded method qualifies only with an explicit neuromodulatory objective and an identified neural target.
Pharmaceutical Preparations requires a finished dosage form, which this concept does not, while both name the substance delivered as the controlled input.
A visual, auditory, haptic, or other cue used to guide breathing behavior.
respiratory cue
segnale respiratorio
señal respiratoria
sinal respiratório
Contact with a hard, rigid, or shaped surface.
contacto con superficie rígida
contato com superfície rígida
contatto con superficie rigida
rigid surface contact
Visual presentation arranged to create binocular depth perception.
apresentação visual estereoscópica
presentación visual estereoscópica
presentazione visiva stereoscopica
stereoscopic visual presentation
Contact through clothing, textiles, or wearable material.
contacto con tejido/prenda
contato com tecido/vestuário
contatto con tessuto/indumento
textile/clothing contact
Temperature exposure delivered through contact or near-contact.
contacto térmico
contato térmico
contatto termico
thermal contact
Applied heating or cooling delivered as a stimulus by any transfer path.
energia termica
energia térmica
energía térmica
thermal energy
Thermal energy as internal energy due to temperature, which is what this concept applies as a stimulus. MeSH splits the same ground across Hot Temperature and Cold Temperature, neither of which alone corresponds, so no MeSH row is asserted.
Non-visible optical radiation in the ultraviolet range, modeled as physical exposure. Any at-body delivery is bounded by the optical-radiation comfort boundary (sstim-ex:boundaryOpticalRadiation), which carries an exposure limit citing IEC 62471 / ICNIRP. BSC Lab does not currently deliver ultraviolet radiation at the body.
radiación ultravioleta
radiazione ultravioletta
radiação ultravioleta
ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet exposure to skin and especially the eyes is hazardous; model it with sstim-ex:boundaryOpticalRadiation and an appropriate knowledge status rather than as a benign visual cue.
Ultraviolet Rays runs immediately below the visible range and extends into the x-ray frequencies, so its upper reach exceeds the optical ultraviolet this concept models. Close, with the divergence stated rather than smoothed.
The same band, without the exposure framing.
Visible light delivered by a display, lamp, projector, or environment.
luce visibile
luz visible
luz visível
visual light
MeSH Light is "that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range". This concept is visible light delivered by a display, lamp, projector or environment, so the descriptor is strictly broader. Recorded because the labels invite an equality that the scope note refuses.
The item is a spectral band; this concept is a delivery medium. Associated without either containing the other.
Perceived-modality category for hearing or sound-related experience, independent of the physical delivery device.
auditiva
auditory
uditiva
The chemical sense responding to compounds in solution at the tongue. Distinguished from olfaction, which responds to airborne volatiles, though the two combine in flavour.
gustativa
gustatory
Perception or guidance involving internal body state, such as breath awareness.
interoceptiva
interoceptive
interocettiva
Exposure intentionally engaging more than one perceived modality.
multimodal
multimodale
Exposure channel modeled physically without asserting a direct conscious sensory percept.
no percibida directamente
non percepita direttamente
not directly perceived
não percebida diretamente
The chemical sense responding to airborne volatile compounds. Distinguished from gustation, which responds to compounds in solution, though the two combine in flavour.
olfactory
olfativa
olfattiva
Perceived body position, movement, force, or relation in space.
propioceptiva
proprioceptiva
proprioceptive
propriocettiva
Perception of social relationship, grouping, similarity, or interaction structure as part of a sensory protocol.
social-perceptual
socio-percettiva
socioperceptiva
Body-perceived sensation including touch, vibration, pressure, proprioception, or related body sensation.
somatosensorial
somatosensoriale
somatosensory
somatossensorial
Superordinate body-sense channel: the tactile percept (sstim-ex:modalityTactile) is a sub-modality, the haptic actuator is the device path, and vibrotactile is the mechanism (P5.5 convention; ADR 0019).
Perceived cutaneous touch, pressure, vibration, texture, or temperature.
tactile
tattile
táctil
tátil
The tactile percept is a sub-modality of the somatosensory body-sense channel (sstim-ex:modalitySomatosensory); distinct from the haptic device path and the vibrotactile mechanism (P5.5 convention; ADR 0019).
Perceived balance, motion, orientation, or gravity-related sensation.
vestibolare
vestibular
Perceived-modality category for sight, luminance, color, form, motion, or depth-related experience.
visiva
visual
No supporting evidence is currently recorded in SSTIM. This is not a global scientific absence claim.
nenhuma evidência conhecida no SSTIM
nessuna evidenza nota in SSTIM
ninguna evidencia conocida en SSTIM
no known evidence in SSTIM
Local status indicating that the current BSC Lab implementation cannot deliver the described exposure, even if the concept remains relevant to the domain.
actualmente no entregable por BSC Lab
attualmente non erogabile da BSC Lab
atualmente não entregável pelo BSC Lab
not currently deliverable by BSC Lab
Local status indicating that BSC Lab does not currently use the described technique, capability, or exposure in its public implementation.
actualmente no usado en BSC Lab
attualmente non usato in BSC Lab
atualmente não usado no BSC Lab
not currently used in BSC Lab
Local status indicating that the resource is useful for boundary documentation but is not planned as a BSC Lab delivery feature.
fora do escopo do BSC Lab
fuera del alcance de BSC Lab
fuori dall'ambito di BSC Lab
outside BSC Lab scope
Pattern whose parameters change in response to time, participant input, sensed state, or a control algorithm.
adaptativo
adaptive
adattivo
Pattern that alternates visible and non-visible or high- and low-luminance states with discrete transitions.
blinking
lampeggiante
parpadeante
piscante
Pattern in which hue, saturation, or color mixture varies over time.
changing color
color variable
colore variabile
cor variável
Pattern delivered without intentional gaps across the specified exposure interval.
continuo
continuous
contínuo
Pattern maintaining one specified color or color mixture over the exposure interval.
color fijo
colore fisso
cor fixa
fixed color
Pattern with controlled spatial translation, rotation, deformation, or apparent motion.
em movimento
en movimiento
in movimento
moving
Pattern generated from a stochastic or pseudo-random distribution over time, space, intensity, or frequency.
noise
ruido
rumore
ruído
Pattern delivered as discrete on/off or amplitude-modulated events with specified timing.
pulsado
pulsato
pulsed
Pattern with recurring temporal organization, whether strictly periodic or intentionally varied.
rhythmic
ritmico
rítmico
Pattern whose intended spatial and temporal parameters remain unchanged during presentation.
estático
static
statico
Pattern whose event timing or values are sampled from a stated random process.
estocástico
stocastico
stochastic
Pattern containing structured local variation in surface, spectrum, image, or amplitude rather than a uniform field.
testurizzato
textured
texturizado
The left ear specifically, for dichotic or per-ear delivery such as a binaural beat.
left ear
orecchio sinistro
orelha esquerda
oído izquierdo
The right ear specifically, for dichotic or per-ear delivery such as a binaural beat.
orecchio destro
orelha direita
oído derecho
right ear
Placement at, over, in, or immediately adjacent to both ears, including bilateral headphones or ear-level transducers.
ears
orecchie
orelhas
oídos
The left eye specifically, for dichoptic or per-eye delivery such as stereoscopic depth or interocular frequency tagging.
left eye
occhio sinistro
ojo izquierdo
olho esquerdo
The right eye specifically, for dichoptic or per-eye delivery such as stereoscopic depth or interocular frequency tagging.
occhio destro
ojo derecho
olho direito
right eye
Placement in front of or optically directed toward both eyes, including screens, head-mounted displays, and light sources.
eyes
occhi
ojos
olhos
Placement on, under, or mechanically coupled to one or both feet.
feet
piedi
pies
pés
Placement in contact with, held by, or immediately directed toward one or both hands.
hands
mani
manos
mãos
Placement at or mechanically coupled to one or more articulated body joints.
articolazioni
articulaciones
articulações
joints
Placement in, at, or immediately adjacent to the mouth for gustatory, airflow, or oral-contact delivery.
boca
bocca
mouth
Placement in the participant's immediate environment without direct body contact, such as room speakers, lighting, or tracked objects.
ambiente circostante
ambiente próximo
entorno cercano
nearby environment
Placement at or immediately adjacent to the nose for olfactory or airflow delivery.
nariz
naso
nose
Placement on or immediately above the superior surface of the head.
parte superior de la cabeza
sommità del capo
top of head
topo da cabeça
Placement on, around, or mechanically coupled to the chest, abdomen, or back.
torso
tronco
Placement or exposure distributed across most of the body rather than localized to one site.
corpo inteiro
corpo intero
cuerpo entero
whole body
An associated channel or exposure that accompanies the intervention but is not intended to mediate its objective — for example a TMS coil click or an ultrasound-associated sound.
canal concomitante
canale concomitante
concomitant channel
Reserved for unintended accompaniment. Recording a concomitant channel never reclassifies the primary technique, and such a channel cannot satisfy a route-consistency requirement.
A channel serving as a control or sham condition rather than as the intended causal path.
canal de control o sham
canal de controle ou sham
canale di controllo o sham
control or sham channel
A channel that returns a measured or derived signal to the participant.
canal de retroalimentación
canal de retroalimentação
canale di feedback
feedback channel
A channel intended to mediate the intervention objective. Only an intended channel is eligible to participate in sensory-route classification, and its asserted neural access route still decides that question.
canal de intervención prevista
canal de intervenção pretendida
canale di intervento previsto
intended intervention channel
Deliberate co-stimulation is not concomitant: two or more causal channels may each carry this role.
Not yet reviewed or settled within SSTIM.
desconhecido para o SSTIM
desconocido para SSTIM
sconosciuto a SSTIM
unknown to SSTIM
Uniform or near-uniform visual field rendered at the implementation's minimum available luminance.
black field
campo negro
campo nero
campo preto
Uniform or spatially stable visual field rendered with a specified fixed color.
campo de color estático
campo de cor estático
campo di colore statico
static color field
Uniform or near-uniform high-luminance achromatic visual field within device and comfort limits.
campo bianco
campo blanco
campo branco
white field
Visual noise whose random variation occurs primarily in color channels.
chromatic noise
ruido cromático
rumore cromatico
ruído cromático
Visual noise whose random variation occurs primarily in luminance or contrast.
luminance noise
ruido de luminancia
rumore di luminanza
ruído de luminância
Visual noise field whose samples or texture translate, flow, or otherwise evolve spatially over time.
moving visual noise
ruido visual en movimiento
rumore visivo in movimento
ruído visual em movimento
Visual noise represented as independently or locally varying display pixels or small image elements.
pixel noise
ruido de píxel
rumore di pixel
ruído de pixel
Ordinal interface-priority categories for SSTIM caution tags; not clinical risk probabilities.
SSTIM Caution Severity Vocabulary
Safety, comfort, attention, and context advisories that an implementation can attach to a preset.
BSC Preset Caution Tag Vocabulary
Categories describing whether a reviewed body of evidence supports, mixes, leaves inconclusive, or refutes an asserted relation.
SSTIM Evidence Claim Direction Vocabulary
Controlled conflict-of-interest disclosure records for reviews (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Conflict Disclosure Vocabulary
Categories describing the observed direction of a measured outcome relative to a comparator.
SSTIM Effect Direction Vocabulary
Deprecated ADR 0027: superseded by the orthogonal basis axes (sstim:basisSensoryModality, sstim:basisModalityApplicability, sstim:basisStudyModel, sstim:basisSynthesisType, sstim:basisIntervention). Survives only for the generated non-authoritative 0.7 compatibility view; removed no earlier than 1.0.
Tags identifying the stimulation modality and evidence-source context in which a result was obtained.
SSTIM Evidence Modality Tag Vocabulary (deprecated)
Controlled logical forms of an assessment proposition; universal absence is named so validation can reject it (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Evidence Proposition Form Vocabulary
Controlled synthesis levels of an evidence source, from primary study to meta-analysis (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Evidence Synthesis Type Vocabulary
Ordinal evidence-strength categories used for claim-level assessment rather than technique-wide endorsement.
SSTIM Evidence Tier Vocabulary
Controlled categories locating when an unwanted experience began, relative to the session.
SSTIM Experience Onset Phase Vocabulary
Separate from the self-report phase scheme: when an experience began and when it was reported are different facts, and an experience is often described later than it started.
Controlled categories recording how long an unwanted experience lasted, as the participant described it.
SSTIM Experience Persistence Vocabulary
Controlled categories recording the state an unwanted experience reached.
SSTIM Experience Resolution Vocabulary
Controlled categories recording what a participant did in response to an unwanted experience.
SSTIM Experience Response Action Vocabulary
What the participant did, not what they were advised to do. Recording the action makes a later resolution interpretable.
Controlled vocabulary of named frequency ambits — Hz intervals — used in BSC protocol design for targeting and evidence classification. An ambit is not a rhythm: the named neural oscillations are sstim-v:NeuralOscillationScheme, and each points here through sstim:hasTypicalFrequencyBand. BSC operational taxonomy — not a medical diagnostic taxonomy.
Resolved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049). The earlier note here recorded a suspected conflation between an observed-EEG-oscillation sense and a stimulus-frequency-target sense of these concepts, deferred pending a dedicated ADR. The suspicion was mistaken: a band is a Hz interval throughout — sstim-v:alpha10 and sstim-v:gamma40 sit in this same scheme and name no rhythm — and a band does not change identity by being aimed at, since it is the relation sstim:targetsFrequencyBand that makes one a target. What was missing was a term for the rhythm itself, now sstim-v:NeuralOscillationScheme. The outcome associations that used to sit in the per-band scope notes moved to those rhythms as evidence claims or as dated knowledge-status assertions where no evidence was found.
SSTIM Frequency Band Vocabulary
Vocabolario Bande di Frequenza SSTIM
Vocabulario de Bandas de Frecuencia SSTIM
Vocabulário de Bandas de Frequência SSTIM
Controlled policy-based reviewer-independence determinations (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Independence Determination Vocabulary
Invasive delivery approaches
The rollup of delivery approaches that place a device or agent inside the body: implanted, intracranial, epidural, targeted local infusion, and intrathecal.
Minimally-invasive delivery approaches
The rollup of delivery approaches that cross the skin by needle puncture without leaving a permanent implant: percutaneous.
Controlled statements of how sensory modality applies to an evidence source: mixed, unknown/not reported, or not applicable (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Evidence Modality Applicability Vocabulary
Causal-route categories for how a stimulation process is intended to engage a neural target. Contains routes only — not media, approaches, targets, or outcomes.
SSTIM Neural Access Route Vocabulary
Vocabolario delle Vie di Accesso Neurale SSTIM
Vocabulario de Vías de Acceso Neural SSTIM
Vocabulário de Vias de Acesso Neural SSTIM
'Receptor' here means a canonical sensory receptor, never a molecular drug receptor. Mixed access is several values; an unresolved route is an epistemic status recorded elsewhere, not a pseudo-route.
Controlled categories for the named rhythmic fluctuations of neural activity, delimited by conventional frequency ambits together with characteristic topography and observation state.
SSTIM Neural Oscillation Vocabulary
Coherent functional neural phenomena, reused across the proposed-mechanism, intended-target, and observed-outcome roles by three separate properties.
SSTIM Neural Phenomenon Vocabulary
Vocabolario dei Fenomeni Neurali SSTIM
Vocabulario de Fenómenos Neurales SSTIM
Vocabulário de Fenómenos Neurais SSTIM
This scheme replaces any single target-level axis. A route, a dynamic, a system, and an outcome domain are not values on one scale, and an autonomic outcome can also be neural. Perceptual, cognitive, motor, physiological, and behavioural outcome domains are modelled separately and non-exclusively; a controlled vocabulary must not force false partitions to simplify a query.
Distributed organizational neural systems used as a target axis, aligned to but not identified with the sensory modality vocabulary.
SSTIM Neural System Vocabulary
Vocabolario dei Sistemi Neurali SSTIM
Vocabulario de Sistemas Neurales SSTIM
Vocabulário de Sistemas Neurais SSTIM
This is the axis for neuromodulation OF a sensory system. It says nothing about the entry route: a cochlear or retinal neural interface targets a sensory system without using the canonical receptor route.
Controlled information categories for broad anatomical targets of stimulation. These classify a target; they are not the anatomical entities themselves.
SSTIM Neural Target Site Vocabulary
Vocabolario dei Siti Bersaglio Neurali SSTIM
Vocabulario de Sitios Diana Neurales SSTIM
Vocabulário de Locais-Alvo Neurais SSTIM
A category may have more than one broader concept; no forced single-parent tree is required. External anatomy alignment is a separate, evidence-checked pass.
Neuromodulatory effect (neural phenomena)
The state-change neural phenomena that constitute a neuromodulatory effect when asserted in the outcome role (sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon): changes in excitability or firing, oscillatory dynamics, temporal coordination, synaptic transmission, neurochemical signaling, connectivity or plasticity, and autonomic neural regulation. Evoked or driven responses and reflex responses are excluded: they are the nervous system following a stimulus, not a modulation of its state (ADR 0036).
Non-invasive delivery approaches
The rollup of delivery approaches that do not breach the skin or body: external, environmental / receptor-facing, transcutaneous, and transcranial.
Controlled categories of what a qualified participant observation observes.
SSTIM Observation Role Vocabulary
The degree and kind of active participation a method requires of the individual, from passive reception through cue-following to active self-regulation.
SSTIM Participant Engagement Mode Vocabulary
Vocabolario delle Modalità di Coinvolgimento del Partecipante SSTIM
Vocabulario de Modos de Participación del Participante SSTIM
Vocabulário de Modos de Envolvimento do Participante SSTIM
A single coarse ordinal-ish axis, deliberately orthogonal to route, approach, target site, system, and phenomenon (ADR 0034). Engagement mode is a property of the method, not a claim about efficacy, and does not by itself decide whether a method is neuromodulation (ADR 0035).
Controlled categories recording whether a participant perceived an experience as connected to the session.
Records a perception only. Temporal association is not causation, and neither is a participant's belief about it; establishing any causal relation requires the separate governed assessment process, not this property.
SSTIM Perceived Relatedness Vocabulary
Reordering functions available to cyclic BSC Symmetry note sequences.
BSC Symmetry Permutation Function Vocabulary
BSC implementation categories grouping presets by intended design character and use context.
BSC Preset Group Vocabulary
Ordered ceilings on the kinds of statements allowed in public-facing preset descriptions under SSTIM evidence governance.
SSTIM Public Claim Level Vocabulary
The parameter a signal is rendered onto. Also the modulation relation.
SSTIM Renderable Parameter Vocabulary
How a signal is made to reach a subject through one channel.
SSTIM Rendering Mechanism Vocabulary
Whether a rendering puts the signal physically into the world or produces it perceptually.
SSTIM Rendering Presence Vocabulary
Controlled categories recording how severe a participant said an unwanted experience was.
Participant-reported throughout. These are not clinical severity grades and carry no threshold for action, reporting, or classification.
SSTIM Reported Severity Vocabulary
Controlled categories stating how exactly a session specification's output can be reproduced.
SSTIM Reproducibility Level Vocabulary
Controlled categories stating why a participant observation does or does not carry a value.
SSTIM Response State Vocabulary
Controlled outcomes of an evidence review decision (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Review Decision Vocabulary
Workflow states describing whether an evidence-tier assignment is provisional, reviewed, or due for reassessment.
SSTIM Evidence Review Status Vocabulary
Controlled relationships of a review agent to the assessed work (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Reviewer Relationship Vocabulary
Controlled markers stating that a proposition scope axis is unknown, not reported, or not applicable (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Scope Marker Vocabulary
Controlled phases for locating a consent-governed self-report relative to its associated session.
SSTIM Self-Report Phase Vocabulary
Broad sensory-channel categories used for technique and intervention annotation.
SSTIM Sensory Modality Vocabulary
Controlled categories of occurrence during a session execution, as observed by the delivering system.
SSTIM Session Event Type Vocabulary
The form of a time-varying signal, and equally the waveform a rendering presents.
SSTIM Signal Shape Vocabulary
Coarse, non-exclusive operational tags summarizing administration, invasiveness, and interface placement for cross-technique navigation.
SSTIM Stimulation Delivery Approach Vocabulary
Vocabolario degli Approcci di Somministrazione della Stimolazione SSTIM
Vocabulario de Enfoques de Administración de la Estimulación SSTIM
Vocabulário de Abordagens de Administração da Estimulação SSTIM
Deliberately non-exclusive and deliberately coarse: a method may be external, transcutaneous, and transcranial at once. Detailed device, body placement, administration, and dose remain in the exposure profile, and no approach tag is inferred from another facet.
Controlled categories for proposed neurobiological and psychophysiological response mechanisms, each requiring separate evidence qualification.
SSTIM Stimulation Mechanism Vocabulary
Controlled, modality-neutral categories for the delivery quantity that a mid-session parameter change acted on.
Kept short on purpose. A scheme that tried to enumerate every adjustable field would track one implementation's UI and would be wrong for the next; these are the quantities that recur across modalities.
SSTIM Stimulation Parameter Kind Vocabulary
Temporal organizations of an applied stimulus or agent. Values are non-disjoint and may be combined: carrier periodicity, pulse pattern, and administration schedule are different temporal features.
SSTIM Stimulus Temporal Structure Vocabulary
Controlled designs of the underlying studies contributing to an evidence source (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Study Design Vocabulary
Controlled models or stages in which evidence was produced: human, preclinical animal, in vitro, computational (ADR 0027).
SSTIM Study Model Vocabulary
A bounded, non-exhaustive catalog of sensory stimulation and interventional neuromodulation techniques, used to place SSTIM's core domain in context.
Relabelled in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034). The scheme IRI has always been sstim-v:TechniqueScheme, never SensoryTechniqueScheme, so only the label was narrower than its own identifier; this brings the label into line rather than widening the scheme. Precision moved to the definition, which keeps the label stable against future widening. Cataloguing a technique means SSTIM can describe it, never that BSC Lab delivers it.
SSTIM Stimulation Technique Vocabulary
Vocabolario delle Tecniche di Stimolazione SSTIM
Vocabulario de Técnicas de Estimulación SSTIM
Vocabulário de Técnicas de Estimulação SSTIM
Controlled categories identifying which timing surface produced a session's clock origin and event offsets.
SSTIM Timing Authority Vocabulary
Controlled, non-diagnostic categories for describing an unwanted experience a participant reported around a session.
Descriptive rather than clinical by design. These categories support noticing patterns and responding conservatively; they do not support classifying harm, and no mapping to a clinical adverse-event terminology is provided or implied.
SSTIM Unwanted Experience Category Vocabulary
BSC audio synthesis voice categories used by preset parameter bundles.
BSC Voice Type Vocabulary
The participant changed how the stimulus reached them, such as removing headphones or looking away.
Changed the delivery
Entrega alterada
Entrega modificada
Modalità di erogazione cambiata
The participant chose not to say what they did.
Acción no declarada
Action declined
Azione non dichiarata
Ação não declarada
The participant continued without changing anything.
Nenhuma ação
Nessuna azione
Ninguna acción
No action
An action none of the listed categories describes.
Altra azione
Other action
Otra acción
Outra ação
The participant paused delivery and later resumed.
Paused the session
Sesión pausada
Sessione messa in pausa
Sessão pausada
The participant lowered volume, brightness, or another delivery level.
Intensidad reducida
Intensidade reduzida
Intensità ridotta
Reduced intensity
The participant ended delivery.
Sesión detenida
Sessione fermata
Sessão parada
Stopped the session
What the participant did is not recoverable from the record.
Acción desconocida
Action unknown
Azione sconosciuta
Ação desconhecida
Top concept of the frequency band scheme: the set of all EEG-derived neural oscillation bands and sub-bands used in BSC protocol design. A grouping root, not a stimulation target in itself.
All Frequency Bands
Todas as Bandas de Frequência
Todas las Bandas de Frecuencia
Tutte le Bande di Frequenza
A named frequency interval, 8–13 Hz: the interval the alpha rhythm is delimited by. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
External mapping moved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049): wd:Q2469782 describes a neural oscillation, not a Hz interval, and now maps to sstim-v:alphaOscillation. This band is reachable from that concept through sstim:hasTypicalFrequencyBand.
Alfa
Alpha
8–13 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the alpha rhythm is delimited; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:alphaOscillation.
A single-frequency target, 10 Hz exactly: a single frequency inside alpha. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Alfa 10 Hz
Alpha 10 Hz
The canonical 10 Hz stimulation target (Berger's classic alpha peak / typical individual alpha frequency). Distinguished from broad alpha because multiple protocols specifically target this frequency. It names a delivery target, not a rhythm and not an outcome: what targeting it is claimed to do is recorded against sstim-v:alphaOscillation with a tier and a source, or as a dated knowledge-status assertion where none was found. 10 Hz sits exactly on the shared boundary of the two alpha sub-bands — the inclusive upper bound of low-alpha (8–10 Hz) and the inclusive lower bound of high-alpha (10–13 Hz) — so it is associatively related (skos:related) to both, not filed under either. skos:related is used rather than a cross-scheme mapping property such as skos:broadMatch because all three concepts are in this same scheme.
Posterior and occipital, maximal over the visual cortex.
Characteristically prominent during relaxed wakefulness with the eyes closed, and attenuated on eye opening.
alpha rhythm
alpha waves
The posterior rhythm delimited conventionally at roughly 8-13 Hz, historically the first named human EEG rhythm.
Alpha oscillation
Oscilación Alfa
Oscilação Alfa
Oscillazione Alfa
"Rhythm", "wave" and "oscillation" name this same entity interchangeably, but they are near-synonyms rather than exact ones and are not substitutable in general: an oscillation is the rhythmic fluctuation itself; a wave is how it appears in a recorded signal, a word EEG also uses for deflections that are not oscillatory at all such as a P300 wave or a K-complex; and a rhythm is an oscillation regular enough to be named and tied to a state or generator, which a transient oscillatory burst is not.
Upgraded from closeMatch on the band to exactMatch on the rhythm (ADR 0049). The item describes a neural oscillation, which is what this concept now names; the earlier closeMatch was forced by the subject being a Hz interval. Quoted numeric bounds differ only as delimiting conventions differ.
The source spans several sensory modalities; every canonical modality it actually supports is still listed explicitly.
Mixed modalities
Modalidades mistas
Modalidades mixtas
Modalità multiple
Sensory modality does not apply to this source (for example a paced-breathing intervention with no sensory delivery claim).
No aplicable
Non applicabile
Not applicable
Não aplicável
The source does not report, or the extraction did not establish, the sensory modality.
Desconhecida / não relatada
Desconocida / no informada
Sconosciuta / non riportata
Unknown / not reported
Presented in the surrounding environment toward sensory receptors, without a body-mounted interface.
ambiental / orientado a receptores
ambiental / voltado para recetores
ambientale / rivolto ai recettori
environmental / receptor-facing
Delivered into the epidural space.
epidural
epidurale
Applied from outside the body without breaching the skin.
esterno
external
externo
Delivered by a surgically placed device remaining in the body.
impiantato
implantado
implanted
Delivered from within the cranial cavity.
intracraneal
intracranial
intracraniano
intracranico
Delivered into the intrathecal space.
intratecal
intratecale
intrathecal
Delivered through a needle or comparable skin puncture without a permanent implant.
percutaneo
percutaneous
percutáneo
percutâneo
Distributed through the body as a whole rather than applied at an identified site.
sistemico
sistémico
systemic
An agent infused at or near an identified target rather than distributed systemically.
infusione locale mirata
infusión local dirigida
infusão local dirigida
targeted local infusion
Delivered across the skull toward an intracranial target.
transcraneal
transcranial
transcraniano
transcranico
Delivered across intact skin, without breaching it. Distinguished from the epidural and intrathecal approaches, which place the agent or electrode inside the body.
transcutaneo
transcutaneous
transcutáneo
transcutâneo
A named frequency interval, 15–30 Hz: above the sensorimotor interval. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
External mapping moved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049): wd:Q831014 now maps to sstim-v:betaOscillation.
Beta
15–30 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the beta rhythm is delimited; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:betaOscillation.
Characteristically observed during alert wakefulness.
beta rhythm
beta waves
A rhythm delimited conventionally at roughly 15-30 Hz, lower in amplitude than the slower rhythms.
Beta oscillation
Oscilación Beta
Oscilação Beta
Oscillazione Beta
Q831014 spans 12.5-30 Hz while SSTIM holds the sensorimotor rhythm apart at 12-15 Hz and begins beta at 15, so the Wikidata item subsumes an entity SSTIM keeps separate. Close rather than identical, by extension rather than by label.
First-time users or users unfamiliar with the implementation.
Review the controls, verify the stop action, and begin with a simpler reference preset.
The user is unfamiliar with the controls, stop mechanism, or parameter effects.
Preset exposes complex controls, unusual routing, or demanding parameter combinations intended for experienced users or supervised demonstrations.
Advanced User
Usuario Avanzado
Usuário Avançado
Utente Avanzato
All users operating vehicles, machinery, tools, or supervising a hazardous environment.
Do not start the preset; if already playing, stop it before continuing the activity.
A vehicle, bicycle, machine, tool, or other safety-critical system is being operated.
Preset requires attention, headphones, visual focus, or altered situational awareness that is incompatible with operating a vehicle or machinery.
Driving Unsafe
Inseguro al Conducir
Inseguro ao Dirigir
Non Sicuro alla Guida
All users in safety-critical contexts, especially users who already feel tired or less alert.
Stop playback and use only when seated or lying safely in a non-critical environment.
The preset is used while driving, cycling in traffic, operating machinery, supervising hazards, or performing another safety-critical task.
Preset is designed for a low-arousal context and may reduce alertness; it must not be used during safety-critical activity.
Drowsy Use
Uso com Sonolência
Uso con Somnolencia
Uso in Sonnolenza
Users who are sensitive to evocative, immersive, isolating, or socially charged content.
Pause or stop, leave immersive mode, and choose neutral content or a supported setting.
The content or context feels emotionally overwhelming, distressing, or difficult to disengage from.
Preset contains evocative sound, imagery, isolation, or social content that some users may experience as emotionally intense.
Emotionally Sensitive
Sensibile Emotivamente
Sensible Emocionalmente
Sensível Emocionalmente
People with known or suspected photosensitivity, or anyone who experiences discomfort from flashing or repetitive visual patterns.
Disable the flashing visual channel or avoid the preset; stop immediately if discomfort or unusual symptoms occur.
Flashing, strobing, or rapid high-contrast visual modulation is enabled.
Preset contains flashing or rapid contrast modulation and therefore requires the platform's photosensitivity safeguards and an explicit avoid option.
Epilepsy Risk
Riesgo de Epilepsia
Rischio di Epilessia
Risco de Epilepsia
Users who are tired or sensitive to sustained sensory demand.
Shorten the session, reduce intensity, take breaks, or stop when discomfort develops.
The user is already fatigued or develops strain, headache-like discomfort, or declining attention during use.
Preset contains sustained, repetitive, visually demanding, or high-load stimulation that may be uncomfortable when the user is fatigued.
Fatigue Sensitive
Sensibile alla Fatica
Sensible a la Fatiga
Sensível à Fadiga
First-time users and users sensitive to intense sensory input.
Begin at low gain and visual intensity, increase only gradually, and stop at the first sign of discomfort.
Multiple high-load parameters are enabled or the user reports discomfort, startle, strain, or overload.
Preset uses comparatively strong, dense, bright, loud, fast, or multimodal parameters and requires conservative initial settings.
Alta Intensidad
Alta Intensidade
Alta Intensità
High Intensity
Users who need to remain alert after the session.
Use a neutral or daytime alternative when continued alertness is required.
The preset is selected outside an appropriate pre-rest setting or before an alertness-dependent task.
Preset is designed specifically for a quiet pre-rest context and is not intended for tasks requiring sustained alertness.
Apenas à Noite
Nighttime Only
Solo Nocturno
Solo Notturno
Users who identify as sensory-sensitive or who are currently stressed, tired, or overstimulated.
Use one channel at a time at low intensity, shorten exposure, or stop and move to a quiet environment.
The user experiences sensory overload, disorientation, distress, or difficulty stopping attention to the stimulus.
Preset combines density, intensity, motion, contrast, or multiple modalities in a way that can be difficult for sensory-sensitive users.
Overload Sensitive
Sensibile al Sovraccarico
Sensible a la Sobrecarga
Sensível à Sobrecarga
Caution requiring an explicit stop, avoid, or disable action when the stated trigger or context applies.
Alto
High
Context or experience guidance that should be visible but does not normally require blocking playback.
Informational
Informativo
Caution that should be shown before use and may warrant a setting or timing adjustment.
Baixo
Bajo
Basso
Low
Caution requiring prominent confirmation, reduced intensity, closer monitoring, or avoidance by sensitive users.
Moderado
Moderate
Moderato
Users seeking a low-arousal experience or preparing to rest.
Choose a lower-intensity or slower alternative when a low-arousal context is intended.
The preset uses an activating design profile or is selected near an intended rest period.
Preset is designed with comparatively activating, bright, rapid, or attention-demanding parameters and may not suit low-arousal contexts.
Estimulante
Stimolante
Stimulating
All users, especially anyone with breathing limitations or unfamiliarity with very slow breathing practices.
Do not force or hold the breath; disable the guide or stop immediately if the cadence is uncomfortable.
The breathing guide requests fewer than 3 cycles per minute or following it causes breath hunger, dizziness, or discomfort.
Preset requests a breathing cadence below 3 cycles per minute, outside the ordinary BSC guided-breathing range and unsuitable for forced following.
Respiración Ultra-Lenta
Respirazione Ultra-Lenta
Respiração Ultra-Lenta
Ultra-Slow Breathing
A mechanical fact about what the product does (e.g. "plays binaural beats and isochronic tones; guides paced breathing"). Permitted on every surface.
C0 — Descriptive
C0 — Descriptivo
C0 — Descritivo
C0 — Descrittivo
A subjective, non-universal experience report (e.g. "many people find sessions relaxing"). Hedged and non-universal; permitted on every surface.
C1 — Esperienziale (mitigato)
C1 — Experiencial (moderado)
C1 — Experiential (hedged)
A general wellness/function statement with no disease language (e.g. "supports relaxation and focus"). Permitted publicly; watch for drift toward C3.
C2 — Bem-estar/função (geral)
C2 — Benessere/funzione (generale)
C2 — Bienestar/función (general)
C2 — Wellness/function (general)
A claim that affects a body function (e.g. "improves sleep", "reduces stress"). Borderline on both the medical-device and misleading-advertising vectors; assertable publicly only with at least moderate evidence.
C3 — Estructura/función
C3 — Estrutura/função
C3 — Structure/function
C3 — Struttura/funzione
A named-condition or symptom claim (e.g. relieves anxiety, depression, migraine, pain, suicidal ideation). Medical-device intended-purpose language; NOT publicly assertable. The underlying observation belongs in evidence-quarantine (a low-tier EvidenceClaim) and may motivate a study, never a public claim.
requiresEvidenceTierRank is the sentinel 7 (above the maximum tier 6): no evidence tier makes a condition claim publicly assertable. Public/in-app/partner surfaces force this level off; it survives only as an internal, labeled hypothesis.
C4 — Medical/condition
C4 — Medico/condizione
C4 — Médico/afección
C4 — Médico/condição
A magnitude or comparative-superiority claim (e.g. "20% IQ boost", "resolves X in 3 sessions"). Requires strong (RCT-grade) evidence; absent that, not publicly assertable.
C5 — Cuantificado/superioridad
C5 — Quantificado/superioridade
C5 — Quantificato/superiorità
C5 — Quantified/superiority
The cited evidence is insufficient to determine whether the relation holds.
Inconcludente
Inconclusive
Inconclusivo
No concluyente
The cited evidence is mixed: some studies support the relation and others do not.
Misto
Mixed
Mixto
The body of cited evidence, on balance, does not support (or refutes) the asserted relation.
Confuta
Refuta
Refutes
The body of cited evidence, on balance, supports the asserted relation.
Apoia
Apoya
Sostiene
Supports
A named frequency interval, 0.5–4 Hz: the slowest conventional interval. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
External mapping moved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049): wd:Q2623205 now maps to sstim-v:deltaOscillation.
Delta
0.5–4 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the delta rhythm is delimited; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:deltaOscillation.
Frontal and widespread cortical, with the highest amplitudes of the named rhythms.
Characteristically prominent in slow-wave sleep.
delta rhythm
delta waves
The lowest-frequency named cortical rhythm, delimited conventionally at roughly 0.5-4 Hz and among the highest in amplitude.
Delta oscillation
Oscilación Delta
Oscilação Delta
Oscillazione Delta
Individual case descriptions without systematic comparison.
Case report / case series
Descrizione di caso / serie di casi
Relato de caso / série de casos
Reporte de caso / serie de casos
The item describes itself as a publication type, while this concept is a study design in an evidence assessment. The extension is nearly the same, since a case report is reported as one, so close rather than exact, with the framing difference recorded rather than smoothed.
Controlled comparison without randomized allocation.
Controlled trial (non-randomized)
Ensaio controlado (não randomizado)
Ensayo controlado (no aleatorizado)
Studio controllato (non randomizzato)
The item is a controlled clinical trial with at least one control group and does not exclude randomised allocation, while this concept is explicitly the non-randomised case. The item is therefore broader, and asserting closeMatch would erase the distinction the scheme exists to draw.
The source aggregates studies of several designs (typical of reviews).
Delineamentos mistos
Disegni misti
Diseños mixtos
Mixed designs
Observational design without experimenter-controlled allocation.
Observacional
Observational
Osservazionale
A study drawing inferences without experimenter-controlled allocation, which is this concept's definition.
Controlled experiment in a preclinical model rather than human participants.
Esperimento preclinico
Experimento preclínico
Experimento pré-clínico
Preclinical experiment
RCT
Randomized allocation to intervention and control conditions.
Ensaio controlado randomizado
Ensayo controlado aleatorizado
Randomized controlled trial
Studio controllato randomizzato
The item is the experimental method, which is what this concept classifies. Deliberately not MeSH D016449, which is a publication type describing an article rather than the design of the study it reports; the same reason no MeSH row appears on any concept in this scheme.
The underlying design was not reported or has not been extracted.
Delineamento desconhecido
Disegno sconosciuto
Diseño desconocido
Unknown design
The measured outcome decreased relative to the comparator.
Decrease
Diminuição
Diminuzione
Disminución
The measured outcome increased relative to the comparator.
Aumento
Increase
No measurable change in the outcome relative to the comparator.
Nessuna variazione
No Change
Sem alteração
Sin cambio
The method's mechanism requires the individual to actively regulate their own state, typically toward a goal they perceive — for example meditation, volitional breathwork, neurofeedback, and biofeedback. The modulation is produced endogenously by the individual, which is the crux discussed in ADR 0035.
Active / Self-Regulatory
Activo / Autorregulatorio
Ativo / Autorregulatório
Attivo / Autoregolatorio
The individual actively follows an external pacing cue but does not regulate from their own internal feedback — for example following BSC's Martigli paced-breathing guidance or a movement cue. Between passive reception and self-regulation.
Guiado / A Seguir Sinal
Guiado / Siguiendo Señal
Guidato / A Seguito di Segnale
Guided / Cue-Following
The method delivers to a receptive individual who is not required to act on their own state — for example binaural beats played to a resting listener, photic driving, or an anaesthetised recipient of ECT. A closed-loop automated system (such as sleep-phase-locked auditory stimulation) is still passive when the individual does not self-regulate.
Pasivo / Receptivo
Passive / Receptive
Passivo / Recetivo
Passivo / Ricettivo
Delivery moved to a different engine implementation mid-session, for example because a required capability was unavailable. Material to reproducibility: the stimulus after the fallback was generated by different code.
Engine fallback
Repliegue del motor
Ripiego del motore
Substituição de motor
A report was collected at this point on the session timeline. Places the act of asking, which is separate from what was answered.
Observación recogida
Observation collected
Observação coletada
Osservazione raccolta
A delivery quantity was set to a new value part-way through the session, by the participant or by the protocol. Carries the parameter kind and the value it took, so a segmented stimulus is recoverable from the timeline rather than only from the specification.
Added 2026-08-18 (ADR 0025 decision 5). Without it a stimulus that steps between values mid-session could only be described by flattening it into one row, which that decision forbids. A modulation the specification already declares in full stays declarative and is rendered as a linked trace; this type is for changes the plan does not contain.
Parameter changed
Parametro modificato
Parámetro modificado
Parâmetro alterado
Stimulus delivery stopped without ending the session. Elapsed time continues; delivered duration does not.
Playback paused
Reproducción pausada
Reprodução pausada
Riproduzione in pausa
Stimulus delivery restarted after a pause.
Playback resumed
Reproducción reanudada
Reprodução retomada
Riproduzione ripresa
Stimulus delivery began.
Playback started
Reproducción iniciada
Reprodução iniciada
Riproduzione avviata
Stimulus delivery ended before the intended duration elapsed.
Playback stopped
Reproducción detenida
Reprodução parada
Riproduzione interrotta
A delivery parameter was constrained by a safety limit, so the delivered value differs from the configured one. Without this event the record would describe a stimulus that was never delivered.
Limite de segurança aplicado
Limite di sicurezza applicato
Límite de seguridad aplicado
Safety limit applied
The session delivered its intended duration and closed normally.
Sesión completada
Session completed
Sessione completata
Sessão concluída
The session closed without delivering its intended duration. Records that the execution ended early; it carries no judgement about why.
Sesión interrumpida
Session interrupted
Sessione interrotta
Sessão interrompida
The session instance was opened and its clock origin captured. Always the first event, at offset zero.
Sesión abierta
Session opened
Sessione aperta
Sessão aberta
Sound that the participant found uncomfortable, harsh, or too loud.
Auditory discomfort
Desconforto auditivo
Disagio uditivo
Molestia auditiva
Light-headedness or unsteadiness the participant described.
Dizziness
Mareo
Tontura
Vertigine
Tired, aching, or effortful eyes reported around the session.
Affaticamento visivo
Eye strain
Fadiga ocular
Fatiga visual
Common with free-viewing techniques that ask the eyes to hold an unusual convergence, and worth recording separately from general visual discomfort for that reason.
Pressure, heaviness, aching, or other sensation in the head that the participant described.
Deliberately broad and non-diagnostic. Recording a participant's description of a head sensation is not recording a headache as a clinical finding.
Head sensation
Sensación en la cabeza
Sensazione alla testa
Sensação na cabeça
A downward shift in mood the participant described around the session.
A mood report, never a mood disorder. Nothing in this vocabulary supports a psychiatric inference.
Humor baixo
Low mood
Umore basso
Ánimo bajo
Queasiness the participant described.
Nausea
Náusea
An unwanted experience that none of the listed categories describes.
Preferred over forcing a poor fit. A rising count here is a signal that the scheme needs a category, not that participants are describing things badly.
Altro
Other
Otro
Outro
Agitation or difficulty settling that the participant described.
Inquietação
Inquietud
Irrequietezza
Restlessness
Difficulty sleeping, or disturbed sleep, that the participant reported after a session.
Alteración del sueño
Disturbo del sonno
Perturbação do sono
Sleep disruption
Typically a follow-up rather than an immediate-post observation, which is why onset phase and report phase are recorded separately.
Light or visual pattern that the participant found uncomfortable, too bright, or unpleasant to look at.
Desconforto visual
Disagio visivo
Molestia visual
Visual discomfort
The proposition asserts the absence of an effect within an explicit scope, backed by evidence that tested it.
Bounded null result
Resultado nulo delimitado
Risultato nullo delimitato
The proposition asserts a relation, difference, or response within an explicit scope.
Bounded relation
Relación delimitada
Relazione delimitata
Relação delimitada
The proposition states that no eligible evidence was found within a documented search scope as of a date. Requires an evidence search record basis.
Achado de busca delimitado
Esito di ricerca circoscritto
Hallazgo de búsqueda delimitado
Scoped search finding
The proposition asserts that no evidence or mechanism exists at all. Never conformant: a finite search cannot support it. Present in the vocabulary so validation can name and reject it.
Assenza universale
Ausencia universal
Ausência universal
Universal absence
A named frequency interval, 30–42 Hz: the fastest conventional interval. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
External mapping moved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049): wd:Q2623017 now maps to sstim-v:gammaOscillation.
Gamma
30–42 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the gamma rhythm is delimited, truncated at 42 Hz for delivery reasons rather than physiological ones; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:gammaOscillation.
A single-frequency target, 40 Hz exactly: a single frequency inside gamma. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Gamma 40 Hz
The specific 40 Hz target associated with the GENUS/Iaccarino neuroimmune research lineage (emerging, preclinical and early human multisensory). Distinct from general gamma: evidence base, modality cautions, and claim language are different. Do not generalize all gamma designs as neuroprotection-oriented.
Characteristically observed during active sensory and cognitive processing.
gamma rhythm
gamma waves
The fastest of the named rhythms, delimited conventionally from roughly 30 Hz upward; its upper bound varies by convention and by recording method, and SSTIM's gamma ambit stops at 42 Hz for delivery reasons rather than physiological ones.
Gamma oscillation
Oscilación Gamma
Oscilação Gama
Oscillazione Gamma
Wellness goals with comparatively stronger evidence and conservative design. Guided breathing often appropriate. Warm, lower-complexity character.
Heal
Experiential, playful, intense, or recreational sonic worlds. High personality, diverse design, bloom intentional. No medical implication.
Indulge
Cognitive performance, focus, work, creativity. Background (minimal, no breathing) and Active (engaging, breathing may apply) sub-types.
Perform
Meaningful user needs where evidence is promising but limited, mixed, indirect, or modality-mismatched. Explicit limitation statements required in techDesc.
Support
Meditation, contemplative, altered-state, and perceptual exploration. May progressively reduce grounding. Claims remain conservative.
Transcend
A named frequency interval, 10–13 Hz: the upper half of alpha. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Alfa Alto
High Alpha
10–13 Hz. Upper portion of the alpha band.
A named frequency interval, 25–30 Hz: the upper third of beta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Beta Alto
High Beta
25–30 Hz. Upper portion of the beta band.
A named frequency interval, 2–4 Hz: the upper half of delta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Delta Alto
High Delta
2–4 Hz. Upper portion of the delta band.
A named frequency interval, 6–8 Hz: the upper half of theta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
High Theta
Theta Alto
6–8 Hz. Upper portion of the theta band.
Determined independent under a named policy, with recorded conflict disclosure.
Independent
Independente
Independiente
Indipendente
Determined not independent under a named policy, with recorded conflict disclosure.
No independiente
Non indipendente
Not independent
Não independente
No independence determination has been made.
No determinado
Non determinato
Não determinado
Undetermined
A named frequency interval, 8–10 Hz: the lower half of alpha. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Alfa Baixo
Alfa Bajo
Alfa Basso
Low Alpha
8–10 Hz. Lower portion of the alpha band.
A named frequency interval, 15–20 Hz: the lower third of beta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Beta Baixo
Beta Bajo
Beta Basso
Low Beta
15–20 Hz. Lower portion of the beta band.
A named frequency interval, 0.5–2 Hz: the lower half of delta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Delta Baixo
Delta Bajo
Delta Basso
Low Delta
0.5–2 Hz. Lower portion of the delta band.
A named frequency interval, 4–6 Hz: the lower half of theta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Low Theta
Theta Baixo
Theta Bajo
Theta Basso
4–6 Hz. Lower portion of the theta band.
Auditory Steady-State Response
Resposta Auditiva de Estado Estacionário
Respuesta Auditiva de Estado Estacionario
Risposta Uditiva di Stato Stazionario
Deprecated in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034): a response form catalogued as a causal mechanism. Use sstim-v:phenomenonAuditorySteadyStateResponse with sstim:intendedNeuralPhenomenon, sstim:mechanismNeuralPhenomenon, or sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon according to role. Frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain the original typing.
Proposed mechanism in which structured, low-demand sensory content serves as an attentional reference. Whether it changes mind-wandering or task focus is protocol- and context-dependent and must be represented by a separate evidence claim.
Anclaje Atencional
Ancoragem Atencional
Ancoraggio Attentivo
Attentional Anchoring
Synchronization of movement timing and motor-cortical activity to an external auditory beat (beat-based timing, sensorimotor synchronization). Primary proposed mechanism for rhythmic auditory cueing of gait and cadence.
Accoppiamento Uditivo-Motorio
Acoplamento Áudio-Motor
Acoplamiento Audio-Motor
Auditory-Motor Coupling
Proposed mechanism category for paced-breathing protocols that coordinate respiratory timing with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart-rate variability, and baroreflex dynamics. Used for Martigli breathing oscillation; protocol-specific effects require separate evidence claims.
Arrastamento Respiratório Autonômico
Arrastre Respiratorio Autonómico
Autonomic Respiratory Entrainment
Trascinamento Respiratorio Autonomo
Delivery of a stimulus time-locked to a measured phase of an ongoing endogenous oscillation (e.g. sound bursts at the up-phase of sleep slow oscillations) to reinforce that rhythm. Requires real-time sensing; the basis of closed-loop auditory stimulation.
Phase-Targeted Closed-Loop Reinforcement
Reforço em Malha Fechada Direcionado à Fase
Refuerzo en Lazo Cerrado Dirigido a la Fase
Rinforzo a Circuito Chiuso Mirato alla Fase
Frequency-Following Response
Resposta de Seguimento de Frequência
Respuesta de Seguimiento de Frecuencia
Risposta di Inseguimento della Frequenza
Deprecated in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034): a response form catalogued as a causal mechanism. Use sstim-v:phenomenonFrequencyFollowingResponse with sstim:intendedNeuralPhenomenon, sstim:mechanismNeuralPhenomenon, or sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon according to role. Frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain the original typing.
Proposed mechanism category derived from GENUS research in which specific 40 Hz stimulation protocols were associated with microglial and amyloid-related changes in particular mouse models. Human relevance, protocol transfer, and modality generalization remain uncertain and require claim-level evidence.
Gamma-40 Neuroimmune Modulation
Modulación Neuroinmune Gamma-40
Modulazione Neuroimmune Gamma-40
Modulação Neuroimune Gama-40
Reduction of the perceptual salience of a target sound (or tinnitus percept) by overlapping or spectrally shaped sound, and reshaping of tonotopic activity via lateral inhibition. Proposed basis for masking and notched-sound approaches.
Auditory Masking and Lateral Inhibition
Enmascaramiento Auditivo e Inhibición Lateral
Mascaramento Auditivo e Inibição Lateral
Mascheramento Uditivo e Inibizione Laterale
Activation of skin and deep-tissue mechanoreceptors (e.g. Pacinian corpuscles) by low-frequency vibration delivered through body transducers. Couples a somatosensory pathway alongside any auditory percept; primary mechanism for vibroacoustic stimulation.
Activación de Mecanorreceptores Vibrotáctiles
Ativação de Mecanorreceptores Vibrotáteis
Attivazione dei Meccanocettori Vibrotattili
Vibrotactile Mechanoreceptor Activation
Convergence and mutual enhancement of temporally congruent inputs across modalities (e.g. light and sound pulsed at the same rate), which can yield a larger or more reliable response than any single modality. Proposed basis for audiovisual and audio-tactile entrainment; the GENUS multisensory-over-unisensory finding rests on it. Contested in magnitude and modality-specific.
Integración Multisensorial
Integrazione Multisensoriale
Integração Multissensorial
Multisensory Integration
This concept is a proposed-mechanism category in an evidence model, not the cognitive phenomenon itself, so relatedMatch is intentionally weaker than exactMatch.
Potencial Evocado Somatosensorial de Estado Estacionario
Potencial Evocado Somatossensorial de Estado Estacionário
Potenziale Evocato Somatosensoriale di Stato Stazionario
Steady-State Somatosensory Evoked Potential
Deprecated in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034): a response form catalogued as a causal mechanism. Use sstim-v:phenomenonSomatosensorySteadyStateResponse with sstim:intendedNeuralPhenomenon, sstim:mechanismNeuralPhenomenon, or sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon according to role. Frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain the original typing.
Potencial Evocado Visual de Estado Estacionario
Potencial Evocado Visual de Estado Estacionário
Potenziale Evocato Visivo di Stato Stazionario
Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential
Deprecated in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034): a response form catalogued as a causal mechanism. Use sstim-v:phenomenonVisualSteadyStateResponse with sstim:intendedNeuralPhenomenon, sstim:mechanismNeuralPhenomenon, or sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon according to role. Frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain the original typing.
Acoustic Startle Reflex
Reflejo de Sobresalto Acústico
Reflexo de Sobressalto Acústico
Riflesso di Trasalimento Acustico
Deprecated in 0.9.0 (ADR 0034): a response form catalogued as a causal mechanism. Use sstim-v:phenomenonAcousticStartleReflex with sstim:intendedNeuralPhenomenon, sstim:mechanismNeuralPhenomenon, or sstim:outcomeNeuralPhenomenon according to role. Frozen 0.3.0-0.8.0 snapshots retain the original typing.
Threshold-dynamics mechanism in which an appropriately calibrated noise level can change detection of an otherwise subthreshold signal. It is not entrainment and requires no periodic forcing; any improvement claim is condition- and evidence-specific.
Resonancia Estocástica
Ressonância Estocástica
Risonanza Stocastica
Stochastic Resonance
Proposed propagation of frequency-following response from subcortical centers to cortical oscillatory networks via thalamocortical loops. More contested than subcortical FFR.
Arrastamento Talamocortical
Arrastre Talamocortical
Thalamocortical Entrainment
Trascinamento Talamocorticale
A family of explicitly proposed, evidence-qualified pathways by which focused ultrasound may modulate neural activity, spanning candidate acoustic-radiation-force, membrane, and mechanosensitive-ion-channel accounts.
Neuromodulación Mecánica Ultrasónica
Neuromodulazione Meccanica Ultrasonica
Neuromodulação Mecânica Ultrassônica
Ultrasonic Mechanical Neuromodulation
No candidate pathway is treated as universally established, and this mechanism term never decides sensory typing. Absence of an audible percept is deliberately not part of the definition: auditory confounds in human transcranial-ultrasound protocols are a real, protocol-dependent evidence question, recorded through exposure channels and outcome concepts rather than by definition.
The signal modulates the amplitude of a carrier. The isochronic case: a 10 Hz signal on an audible tone.
Amplitude modulation
Modulación de amplitud
Modulazione di ampiezza
Modulação de amplitude
Two carriers differing by the signal frequency are presented dichotically. The signal is absent from each ear and constructed by the auditory system, so this mechanism is perceptual rather than physical.
Batido binaural
Batimento binaural
Battimento binaurale
Binaural beat
The signal is presented as itself, with no carrier — a light flickering at the signal rate, or a vibration at it.
Apresentação direta
Direct presentation
Presentación directa
Presentazione diretta
The signal modulates the frequency of a carrier.
Frequency modulation
Modulación de frecuencia
Modulazione di frequenza
Modulação de frequência
Two carriers differing by the signal frequency are summed acoustically before delivery, so the signal is physically present in the combined waveform.
Batido monoaural
Batimento monoaural
Battimento monoaurale
Monaural beat
A named frequency interval, 20–25 Hz: the middle third of beta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
Beta Medio
Beta Médio
Mid Beta
20–25 Hz. Middle portion of the beta band.
Evidence from auditory-only stimulation. Applies directly to BSC presets.
Auditivo
Auditory
Uditivo
Evidence from combined audiovisual stimulation. Applies to BSC with one tier discount for auditory-only claims.
Audiovisivo
Audiovisual
The auditory sensory modality: perception of sound via the ear and auditory pathway. The primary BSC delivery channel.
Evidence from paced breathing / HRV biofeedback. Applies directly to Martigli breathing guidance component.
Breathing
Respiración
Respirazione
Respiração
Evidence from mixed or unspecified modalities. Must state indirectness in techDesc.
General / Mixed
General / Mixto
Generale / Misto
Geral / Misto
The sense of the body's internal state — breath, heartbeat, gut, temperature, effort. Distinguished from somatosensory perception, which reports the body's surface and position rather than its interior.
Interoceptive
Interoceptivo
Interocettivo
Delivered indirectly via paced breathing guidance that engages respiratory and cardiac interoception.
Evidence from combined multisensory stimulation (e.g. GENUS audiovisual, audio-tactile). Modality-specific results do not transfer directly to any single channel; apply a tier discount for single-modality claims.
Multisensorial
Multisensoriale
Multisensory
Multissensorial
The chemical sense responding to airborne volatile compounds. Distinguished from gustatory perception, which responds to compounds in solution, though the two combine in flavour.
Olfactory
Olfativo
Olfattivo
Requires dedicated hardware. Outside current BSC scope.
Evidence from animal or in-vitro studies. Maximum tier contribution: Tier 3 for human wellness claims.
Preclinical
Preclinico
Preclínico
Pré-clínico
Systematic review or meta-analysis. Tag used alongside AUD/AV/BREATH/GENERAL to note the evidence synthesis level.
Review
Revisione
Revisión
Revisão
The somatosensory modality: body-perceived sensation including touch, pressure, vibration, and related cutaneous and deep-tissue sensation. In SSTIM this is the superordinate body-sense channel — the tactile percept is a sub-modality, the haptic actuator (e.g. the Web Vibration API) is the device-delivery path, and vibrotactile is the driving mechanism (P5.5 convention; ADR 0019).
Somatosensorial
Somatosensoriale
Somatosensory
Somatossensorial
BSC delivers somatosensory stimulation through the haptic actuator path (Web Vibration API on Android; unavailable on iOS Safari). Device capability, perceived modality, and mechanism are modeled separately in the exposure module (ADR 0010).
Evidence from tactile / vibrotactile stimulation (e.g. vibrotactile pulse, SSSEP, vibroacoustic). Applies directly to tactile techniques; one tier discount for auditory-only claims.
Tactile
Tattile
Táctil
Tátil
Evidence from visual-only stimulation (e.g. photic/flicker driving, SSVEP). Applies directly to visual techniques; one tier discount for auditory-only claims.
Visivo
Visual
The sense of head orientation, linear acceleration and rotation, arising in the inner ear. Distinguished from proprioception, which reports limb and body position rather than motion of the head in space.
Vestibolare
Vestibular
Requires dedicated hardware (e.g. galvanic vestibular stimulation). Outside current BSC scope.
The visual sensory modality: perception of light, color, and motion via the eye and visual pathway.
Findings produced by simulation or computational modeling.
Computational model
Modello computazionale
Modelo computacional
Findings produced with human participants.
Human participants
Partecipanti umani
Participantes humanos
Findings produced in vitro.
In vitro
The source aggregates findings across several models or stages.
Mixed models
Modelli misti
Modelos mistos
Modelos mixtos
Findings produced in a non-human animal model. Replaces the modality-tag misuse of PRECLINICAL as a modality.
Modello animale preclinico
Modelo animal preclínico
Modelo animal pré-clínico
Preclinical animal model
The model or stage was not reported or has not been extracted.
Modello sconosciuto
Modelo desconhecido
Modelo desconocido
Unknown model
The explicit declaration that the reviewer declared no conflict of interest. Case-specific disclosures are separate ConflictDisclosure records.
Nenhum conflito declarado
Nessun conflitto dichiarato
Ningún conflicto declarado
No conflict declared
The experience was already present before delivery began.
Antes da sessão
Antes de la sesión
Before session
Prima della sessione
Worth recording rather than discarding: an experience present beforehand is the clearest case in which the session cannot be its origin.
The experience began while delivery was in progress; an onset offset locates it on the session's timing context where the participant could place it.
Durante a sessão
Durante la sesión
Durante la sessione
During session
The experience began shortly after delivery ended.
Imediatamente depois
Immediately after
Inmediatamente después
Subito dopo
The experience began later on the day of the session.
Later the same day
Mais tarde no mesmo dia
Más tarde el mismo día
Più tardi lo stesso giorno
The experience began on the day after the session.
Al día siguiente
Il giorno dopo
Next day
No dia seguinte
When the experience began is not recoverable from the record.
Inicio desconocido
Insorgenza sconosciuta
Início desconhecido
Onset unknown
The intensity of the stimulus in its own units.
Ampiezza
Amplitud
Amplitude
The frequency of the signal that bears the modulation, in hertz — the tone a beat is built on rather than the rate of the beat itself.
Carrier frequency
Frecuencia portadora
Frequenza portante
Frequência da portadora
The fraction of each modulation period during which the channel is presented rather than silent or dark, between zero and one.
Ciclo de trabajo
Ciclo de trabalho
Ciclo di lavoro
Duty cycle
The frequency of a carrier or tone the signal drives.
Frecuencia
Frequency
Frequenza
Frequência
How strongly the channel is presented: sound amplitude, display luminance, or vibration intensity, as a fraction of the channel's own full scale.
Level
Livello
Nivel
Nível
The brightness of a visual stimulus.
Luminance
Luminancia
Luminanza
Luminância
The rate at which something about the channel varies, in hertz: a flicker rate, a beat frequency, or a pulse rate.
Frecuencia de modulación
Frequenza di modulazione
Frequência de modulação
Modulation frequency
Where this channel's modulation sits relative to another's, as a fraction of a cycle between zero and one.
Desfase
Deslocamento de fase
Phase offset
Sfasamento
The extent of a visual stimulus, as used by an expanding and contracting breathing guide.
Dimensione
Size
Tamanho
Tamaño
Where the stimulus appears in space. A signal rendered onto this parameter is what the BSC catalog encoded as a Martigli-synced panning mode.
Posición espacial
Posizione spaziale
Posição espacial
Spatial position
The strength of a haptic stimulus.
Intensidad de vibración
Intensidade de vibração
Intensità di vibrazione
Vibration intensity
No permutation. Pure repetition. Lowest cognitive engagement; habituation risk for long sessions.
Identidad
Identidade
Identity
Identità
Alternating reversal — ascending and descending passes alternate with period 2 cycles.
Inversione
Inversión
Inversão
Reverse
Cyclic right shift. Systematic downward pitch drift over N cycles.
Rotación hacia Atrás
Rotate Backward
Rotazione all'Indietro
Rotação para Trás
Cyclic left shift at each cycle boundary. Systematic upward pitch drift over N cycles.
Rotación hacia Adelante
Rotate Forward
Rotazione in Avanti
Rotação para Frente
Uniform random permutation (Fisher-Yates) at each cycle boundary. Maximum cross-cycle unpredictability. Highest cognitive engagement.
Shuffle
The experience had not passed when the participant reported it.
Em curso
En curso
In corso
Ongoing
The experience passed before delivery ended.
Resolved during session
Resolvida durante a sessão
Resuelta durante la sesión
Risolta durante la sessione
The experience passed after the day of the session.
Resolved later
Resolvida mais tarde
Resuelta más tarde
Risolta più tardi
The experience passed on the day of the session.
Resolved the same day
Resolvida no mesmo dia
Resuelta el mismo día
Risolta lo stesso giorno
How long the experience lasted is not recoverable from the record.
Durata sconosciuta
Persistence unknown
Persistencia desconocida
Persistência desconhecida
The startle reflex elicited by a sudden intense acoustic stimulus.
acoustic startle reflex
reflejo de sobresalto acústico
reflexo de sobressalto acústico
riflesso di trasalimento acustico
Reflex, Startle is an involuntary response to any unexpected strong stimulus, with no modality restriction. This concept is the acoustic case, so the descriptor is broader.
A steady-state neural response frequency-tagged to a periodic auditory stimulus.
auditory steady-state response
risposta uditiva di stato stazionario
The item is the electrophysiological response to rapid auditory stimuli, which is what this concept names. closeMatch because the item draws no boundary against neighbouring evoked responses.
Change in autonomic neural regulation.
autonomic neural regulation
regolazione neurale autonoma
regulación neural autónoma
regulação neural autónoma
Change in functional connectivity or in plasticity.
conectividad o plasticidad
conetividade ou plasticidade
connectivity or plasticity
connettività o plasticità
A neural response evoked or driven by an applied stimulus.
evoked or driven response
resposta evocada ou induzida
respuesta evocada o inducida
risposta evocata o indotta
These are response forms, not causal mechanisms. They replace the mechanism-scheme entries deprecated in 0.9.0: a measurable evoked response describes what happens, while how it arises remains a separate mechanism and evidence question.
Change in neuronal excitability or firing.
eccitabilità o scarica
excitabilidad o descarga
excitabilidade ou disparo
excitability or firing
A neural response that follows the periodicity of an applied stimulus.
frequency-following response
resposta de seguimento de frequência
respuesta de seguimiento de frecuencia
The item is explicitly auditory, an evoked potential generated by periodic or nearly-periodic auditory stimuli, while this concept is modality-neutral and covers any applied periodicity. The Wikidata concept is therefore the narrower of the two, and closeMatch would hide a real difference in extension.
Change in neurochemical or neurotransmitter signaling.
neurochemical signaling
segnalazione neurochimica
señalización neuroquímica
sinalização neuroquímica
Change in the amplitude, frequency, or phase of neural oscillations.
dinamiche oscillatorie
dinámicas oscilatorias
dinâmicas oscilatórias
oscillatory dynamics
A reflex response elicited by an applied stimulus.
reflex response
resposta reflexa
respuesta refleja
risposta riflessa
A steady-state neural response frequency-tagged to a periodic somatosensory stimulus.
resposta somatossensorial de estado estacionário
respuesta somatosensorial de estado estacionario
risposta somatosensoriale di stato stazionario
somatosensory steady-state response
Change in synaptic transmission.
synaptic transmission
transmisión sináptica
transmissão sináptica
trasmissione sinaptica
The descriptor names the process itself. This concept names a change in that process, a phenomenon category in an evidence model, so the two are not the same kind of thing. Same reasoning as the multisensory-integration mapping above.
Change in the temporal alignment or coordination of neural activity.
coordenação temporal
coordinación temporal
coordinazione temporale
temporal coordination
A steady-state neural response frequency-tagged to a periodic visual stimulus.
resposta visual de estado estacionário
respuesta visual de estado estacionario
risposta visiva di stato stazionario
visual steady-state response
The signal does not exist in what reaches the subject and is constructed by the nervous system — a binaural beat being the standard case. Evidence about a physically present signal does not transfer to this without argument.
Construido perceptualmente
Construído perceptualmente
Costruito percettivamente
Perceptually constructed
The signal exists as a real modulation in what reaches the subject, and could be measured at the point of delivery.
Fisicamente presente
Físicamente presente
Physically present
The participant chose not to say whether they thought the session was involved.
Correlación no declarada
Correlazione non dichiarata
Correlação não declarada
Relatedness declined
The participant was unsure whether the session was involved.
Percebida como possivelmente relacionada
Perceived as possibly related
Percepita come forse correlata
Percibida como posiblemente relacionada
The participant thought the session was involved.
Percebida como relacionada
Perceived as related
Percepita come correlata
Percibida como relacionada
The participant's view is not recoverable from the record.
Correlación desconocida
Correlazione sconosciuta
Correlação desconhecida
Relatedness unknown
The participant thought the session was not involved.
Percebida como não relacionada
Perceived as unrelated
Percepita come non correlata
Percibida como no relacionada
Self-report collected while stimulus delivery is in progress. Its placement on the session's own timing context is what makes it interpretable, since a wall-clock timestamp cannot say how far into the session it was given.
Added 2026-08-13 (ADR 0048). Until then a during-session report had no phase and could not be represented at all, so a whole class of collected observation was unprojectable.
Self-report collected after a declared delay from session completion; the timestamp is required to make the delay interpretable.
Acompanhamento
Follow-up
Seguimiento
Self-report collected shortly after stimulus delivery ends.
Imediatamente pós-sessão
Immediatamente post-sessione
Immediate post-session
Inmediatamente post-sesión
Self-report collected before stimulus delivery begins, usable as a within-session baseline without implying causation.
Pre-sesión
Pre-session
Pre-sessione
Pré-sessão
Re-execution produces the same target frequencies, arc, layer architecture and duration, without any claim about the rendered signal. The honest default for a browser audio pipeline.
Declaring a level above what the delivering system can demonstrate is a reproducibility claim the record cannot support; prefer this level unless a deterministic render proves otherwise.
Apresentação equivalente
Equivalent presentation
Presentación equivalente
Presentazione equivalente
Re-execution produces the same generated signal within a declared numerical tolerance, allowing for floating-point differences between implementations.
Equivalent signal
Segnale equivalente
Señal equivalente
Sinal equivalente
Re-execution produces sample-identical output. Requires a deterministic offline render and a pinned engine build; it is not satisfied by a live audio pipeline.
Identical rendering
Rendering identico
Renderizado idéntico
Renderização idêntica
The experience lessened without passing entirely.
Improved
Mejorada
Melhorada
Migliorata
The experience passed completely.
Resolved
Resolvida
Resuelta
Risolta
The experience stayed as it was.
Inalterada
Invariata
Sin cambios
Unchanged
What became of the experience is not recoverable from the record.
Esito sconosciuto
Resolución desconocida
Resolution unknown
Resolução desconhecida
The experience became stronger or more troublesome.
Recording a worsening is a description of what the participant reported. It is not a safety determination, and acting on a pattern of them is a human decision made outside this vocabulary.
Empeorada
Peggiorata
Piorada
Worsened
The participant was asked and chose not to answer. Declining is always available and is never treated as a missing value to be imputed.
Declined
Rechazada
Recusada
Rifiutata
The participant was asked and reported nothing to record. A positive finding of absence, not a gap.
Nenhuma relatada
Nessuna segnalata
Ninguna informada
None reported
The question does not apply to this session, as when a session ended too early for an item about how it went.
The instrument did not put this question, so nothing about the participant follows from the absence.
No preguntada
Non richiesta
Not asked
Não perguntada
The participant gave an answer, which is recorded as this observation's value.
Fornecida
Fornita
Proporcionada
Supplied
Whether the question was put, or what was answered, is not recoverable from the record.
Desconhecida
Desconocida
Sconosciuta
Unknown
The review confirms the assessment revision under the named rubric.
Conferma
Confirm
Confirmación
Confirmação
Derived workflow summary (ADR 0027): the prior review decision was invalidated, or an explicit re-review trigger exists without a replacement decision.
Redefined 2026-07-13 (ADR 0027) from a stored status to a derived summary.
Da aggiornare
Necesita actualización
Necessita atualização
Needs Update
Derived workflow summary (ADR 0027): no current review decision exists under the named rubric. Not authoritative data; derived from EvidenceReviewDecision records in the 0.7 compatibility view only.
Provisional
Provisório
Provvisorio
The review rejects the assessment revision under the named rubric.
Rechazo
Reject
Rejeição
Rifiuto
The review requests a new assessment revision.
Request revision
Richiesta di revisione
Solicitação de revisão
Solicitud de revisión
Derived workflow summary (ADR 0027): a current recorded review decision exists, regardless of its outcome or independence. Independence is a property of the review activity, never implied by this value.
Redefined 2026-07-13 (ADR 0027): the earlier definition claimed independent review that the recorded data could not establish.
Reviewed
Revisado
Revisionato
The reviewer is external to the authoring organization. Never implies independence by itself.
Esterno
External
Externo
The reviewer belongs to the same organization as the assessed work's authors.
Mesma organização
Misma organización
Same organization
Stessa organizzazione
The reviewer is the author of the assessed work.
Autore stesso
El propio autor
O próprio autor
Self
The reviewer's relationship to the assessed work is not established.
Relación desconocida
Relazione sconosciuta
Relação desconhecida
Unknown relationship
How the participant described their attention at the report's collection phase.
Concentrazione
Foco
Focus
Whether the participant judged that the session did what they wanted from it.
A self-assessment against the participant's own stated goal. It is not an efficacy measure and does not become one by aggregation.
Goal achieved
Obiettivo raggiunto
Objetivo alcanzado
Objetivo alcançado
How much the participant felt the session helped with what they wanted from it, on a declared scale.
Perceived helpfulness
Utilidad percibida
Utilidade percebida
Utilità percepita
A magnitude, unlike the yes/no goal-achieved item, and about the participant's own stated goal rather than the session's designed effect.
How the participant felt at the report's collection phase, on a declared scale.
Afecto primario
Afeto primário
Affetto primario
Primary affect
How alert or drowsy the participant felt at the report's collection phase.
Sleepiness
Somnolencia
Sonnolenza
Sonolência
What the participant said they wanted from the session, in their own words.
A participant's intention, not a clinical target, and it establishes no expected outcome. Recording it is what makes a later helpfulness or goal-achieved answer interpretable at all.
Obiettivo dichiarato
Objetivo declarado
Stated goal
How the participant rated the session itself.
Calidad subjetiva
Qualidade subjetiva
Qualità soggettiva
Subjective quality
The act of asking whether the participant had any unwanted experience, carrying its own response state and linking to whatever they described.
Informe de experiencias no deseadas
Relato de experiências indesejadas
Segnalazione di esperienze indesiderate
Unwanted experience report
Modelling the asking as an observation is what keeps 'asked, none reported' distinct from 'never asked' and from 'declined to answer'. An empty list of experiences cannot express that difference.
Engagement of a neural target by a chemical or pharmacological agent acting on neural tissue.
biochemical or pharmacological neural interaction
interacción neural bioquímica o farmacológica
interazione neurale biochimica o farmacologica
interação neural bioquímica ou farmacológica
Engagement of a neural target without canonical sensory receptor transduction.
bypasses canonical sensory transduction
contorna a transdução sensorial canónica
elude la transducción sensorial canónica
elude la trasduzione sensoriale canonica
Asserting this route positively identifies such a route; it does not prove the technique is non-sensory, because a hybrid may also declare an intended sensory route.
Engagement of a neural target through canonical sensory receptor transduction and afferent processing.
acceso por transducción sensorial canónica y vía aferente
accesso per trasduzione sensoriale canonica e via afferente
acesso por transdução sensorial canónica e via aferente
canonical sensory transduction and afferent access
Within the neuromodulation population this is not a redundant value: it is the fact that distinguishes the sensory-route overlap from approaches that bypass canonical sensory transduction. Conscious perception is not required.
Engagement of a neural target through an intermediate physiological process that is not canonical sensory transduction, such as a vascular, endocrine, or muscular pathway.
indirect non-sensory physiological mediation
mediación fisiológica indirecta no sensorial
mediazione fisiologica indiretta non sensoriale
mediação fisiológica indireta não sensorial
Direct physical interaction with neural tissue by an applied electric current or field, magnetic field, acoustic energy, or comparable physical means.
interacción neural física
interazione neurale fisica
interação neural física
physical neural interaction
Both an intended cortical tACS interaction and a competing peripheral-nerve explanation use this broad route; they are separated by the intended target site versus the evaluated outcome target site, not by inventing two routes.
This scope axis does not apply to the proposition.
The sources did not report a value for this scope axis.
No informado
Non riportato
Not reported
Não relatado
The value of this scope axis is unknown.
Desconhecido
Desconocido
Sconosciuto
The participant described the experience but chose not to rate its severity.
Gravedad no declarada
Gravidade recusada
Gravità non dichiarata
Severity declined
The participant described the experience as slight or easily tolerated.
Leve
Lieve
Mild
The participant described the experience as noticeable and bothersome.
Moderada
Moderata
The participant described the experience as strong or hard to tolerate.
Grave
Severe
No severity is recoverable from the record.
Gravedad desconocida
Gravidade desconhecida
Gravità sconosciuta
Severity unknown
amplitude envelope
A non-repeating contour over time, such as a period ramping from one value to another across a session. Shape and repetition are independent: an envelope may modulate a periodic signal.
Envelope
Envolvente
Inviluppo
The item is the function describing the extremes of an oscillating signal, which is what this concept names as a non-repeating contour over time. Deliberately not wd:Q170124, the stationery item, which the label search returned first.
noise signal
A stochastic signal occupying a frequency extent rather than a point. White noise spans the whole audible range and band-limited noise a named interval; both are this shape with different bounds.
Noise
Ruido
Rumore
Ruído
The clearest case for the interval model: noise cannot be described by a single frequency number, so a signal states a lower and an upper bound and relates to a band by containment or overlap rather than membership.
Deliberately the signal-processing sense, "unwanted modifications to a signal", and not wd:Q179448, which is noise as unwanted sound. This concept is a stochastic signal occupying a frequency extent, so the acoustic sense would be the wrong subject even though its label matches better.
A signal whose form is a recording rather than a function — a violin note, a voice, rainfall. Carries a source asset, without which the signal is not reproducible.
Amostrado
Campionato
Muestreado
Sampled
The one shape that is an asset rather than a function, which is why it needs provenance and a checksum where a sine needs neither.
ramp wave
sawtooth wave
A periodic shape rising linearly and resetting sharply, or its mirror image.
Dente de serra
Dente di sega
Diente de sierra
Sawtooth
The waveform rising linearly and resetting sharply. Same reasoning; the item does not distinguish the mirrored ramp, which this concept admits.
sine wave
sinusoid
A single-frequency sinusoid. The default periodic shape, and the only one the BSC catalog ever used.
Senoide
Sine
Sinusoide
The item is the sinusoid itself, a mathematical curve; this concept is the controlled value naming that shape as a signal's form. Under ADR 0021 a controlled value is an information category rather than the entity it classifies, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation here, as it was for the neural systems.
square wave
A periodic shape alternating between two levels with a duty cycle. Its harmonic content makes it audibly and visually harsher than a sinusoid at the same rate.
Onda cuadrada
Onda quadra
Onda quadrada
Square
The waveform alternating between two levels. Same category-versus-entity reasoning as the sine row; the item carries no duty-cycle boundary, which this concept's definition does.
triangle wave
A periodic shape rising and falling linearly, with weaker harmonics than a square at the same rate.
Onda triangolare
Onda triangular
Triangle
The waveform rising and falling linearly. Same reasoning as the sine and square rows.
A named frequency interval, 12–15 Hz: the sensorimotor interval, overlapping both alpha and beta. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
SMR
12–15 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the sensorimotor rhythm is delimited; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:smrOscillation.
Characteristically observed during motor quiescence and attenuated by movement or motor imagery.
mu rhythm
A central rhythm delimited conventionally at roughly 12-15 Hz, overlapping the alpha and beta ambits and distinguished from them by its sensorimotor topography and its reactivity to movement rather than by frequency.
Ritmo Sensomotorio
Ritmo Sensoriomotor
Ritmo Sensório-Motor
Sensorimotor rhythm
A survey of the literature without a documented systematic protocol or quantitative synthesis.
Literature review
Rassegna della letteratura
Revisión de la literatura
Revisão da literatura
A quantitative synthesis of results across studies.
Meta-analisi
Meta-analysis
Meta-análise
Metaanálisis
A review without a systematic search and selection protocol.
Narrative review
Rassegna narrativa
Revisión narrativa
Revisão narrativa
An original empirical study, not a synthesis of other studies.
Estudio primario
Estudo primário
Primary study
Studio primario
A review with a documented systematic search, selection, and appraisal protocol. Matches the narrower meaning the legacy REVIEW tag claimed.
Revisione sistematica
Revisión sistemática
Revisão sistemática
Systematic review
An instructional source synthesizing established methods and findings.
Tutorial
The auditory neural system as a distributed target.
auditory system
sistema auditivo
sistema uditivo
This concept is a controlled value naming the auditory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0016490 auditory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the auditory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's auditory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
ANS
autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system as a distributed target.
autonomic system
sistema autonomo
sistema autónomo
This concept is a controlled value naming the autonomic nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Autonomic Nervous System denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. This concept is labelled autonomic system while every authority says autonomic nervous system; the label difference is ours and carries no difference in extension.
This concept is a controlled value naming the autonomic nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0002410 autonomic nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. This concept is labelled autonomic system while every authority says autonomic nervous system; the label difference is ours and carries no difference in extension.
This concept is a controlled value naming the autonomic nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's autonomic nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. This concept is labelled autonomic system while every authority says autonomic nervous system; the label difference is ours and carries no difference in extension.
The gustatory neural system as a distributed target.
gustatory system
sistema gustativo
This concept is a controlled value naming the gustatory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0001033 gustatory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the gustatory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's gustatory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The interoceptive neural system as a distributed target.
interoceptive system
sistema interoceptivo
sistema interocetivo
sistema interocettivo
This concept is a controlled value naming the interoceptive neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0036255 interoceptive system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. No Wikidata mapping is asserted, for the same reason as the proprioceptive system: the available item is the sense, not the system.
The motor nervous system as a distributed target.
motor system
sistema motor
sistema motorio
This concept is a controlled value naming the motor system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0025525 motor system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the motor system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's motor system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The olfactory neural system as a distributed target.
olfactory system
sistema olfativo
sistema olfattivo
This concept is a controlled value naming the olfactory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0005725 olfactory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the olfactory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's olfactory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The proprioceptive neural system as a distributed target.
proprioceptive system
sistema propioceptivo
sistema propriocetivo
sistema propriocettivo
This concept is a controlled value naming the proprioceptive neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0025533 proprioceptive system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. No Wikidata mapping is asserted: Wikidata has proprioception, which is the sense rather than the system, and would be a different claim.
The sensory nervous system as a distributed target.
sensory system
sistema sensorial
sistema sensoriale
This concept is a controlled value naming the sensory system as a whole as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0001032 sensory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the sensory system as a whole as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's sensory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The somatosensory neural system as a distributed target.
sistema somatosensorial
sistema somatosensoriale
sistema somatossensorial
somatosensory system
This concept is a controlled value naming the somatosensory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0003942 somatosensory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the somatosensory neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's somatosensory system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The vestibular neural system as a distributed target.
sistema vestibolare
sistema vestibular
vestibular system
This concept is a controlled value naming the vestibular neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Vestibular System denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the vestibular neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0004681 vestibular system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the vestibular neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's vestibular system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The visual neural system as a distributed target.
sistema visivo
sistema visual
visual system
This concept is a controlled value naming the visual neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0002104 visual system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the visual neural system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's visual system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The brain as a broad stimulation target.
brain
encefalo
encéfalo
This concept is a controlled value naming the brain as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Brain denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the brain as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0000955 brain denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the brain as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's brain denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The brain and spinal cord as a broad stimulation target.
central nervous system
sistema nervioso central
sistema nervoso central
sistema nervoso centrale
This concept is a controlled value naming the central nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Central Nervous System denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the central nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0001017 central nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the central nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's central nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
Cortical tissue as a stimulation target.
corteccia
cortex
corteza
córtex
A cranial nerve as a stimulation target.
cranial nerve
nervio craneal
nervo craniano
nervo cranico
Kept as a separate seed category rather than a blanket child of the peripheral nervous system, because cranial-nerve anatomy is not uniformly peripheral.
This concept is a controlled value naming a cranial nerve as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Cranial Nerves denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. No Wikidata mapping is asserted: no item was verified for the class as such in this pass.
This concept is a controlled value naming a cranial nerve as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0001785 cranial nerve denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted. No Wikidata mapping is asserted: no item was verified for the class as such in this pass.
A subcortical or deep brain structure as a stimulation target.
deep brain structure
estructura cerebral profunda
estrutura cerebral profunda
struttura cerebrale profonda
A peripheral nerve as a stimulation target.
nervio periférico
nervo periferico
nervo periférico
peripheral nerve
Neural tissue outside the brain and spinal cord as a broad stimulation target.
peripheral nervous system
sistema nervioso periférico
sistema nervoso periferico
sistema nervoso periférico
This concept is a controlled value naming the peripheral nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Peripheral Nervous System denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the peripheral nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0000010 peripheral nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the peripheral nervous system as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's peripheral nervous system denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
The spinal cord as a stimulation target.
medula espinal
midollo spinale
médula espinal
spinal cord
This concept is a controlled value naming the spinal cord as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while the NLM descriptor Spinal Cord denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the spinal cord as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while UBERON:0002240 spinal cord denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
This concept is a controlled value naming the spinal cord as a stimulation target. ADR 0021 holds such a value to be an information category rather than the entity it classifies, while Wikidata's spinal cord denotes the entity itself, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible relation and exactMatch is deliberately not asserted.
ASMR
Whisper-like textures, close foley, brushing, and tapping sounds intended to evoke an autonomous sensory meridian response.
ASMR-Like Micro-Texture Stimulation
Estimulación con Microtexturas tipo ASMR
Estimulação com Microtexturas tipo ASMR
Stimolazione con Micro-Texture tipo ASMR
High affective value, low scientific precision; suited to experiential rather than clean-entrainment contexts.
The item is the response phenomenon. This concept is the stimulation technique intended to evoke it, which is the same technique-versus-phenomenon distinction already recorded for the binaural voice.
Intense, abrupt sounds (with or without a prepulse) used to elicit and probe the acoustic startle reflex and sensorimotor gating.
Acoustic Startle / Reflex Protocol
Protocollo di Trasalimento/Riflesso Acustico
Protocolo de Sobresalto/Reflejo Acústico
Protocolo de Sobressalto/Reflexo Acústico
A research/clinical assessment domain (e.g. prepulse inhibition), not a comfortable wellness experience.
The descriptor is the startle reflex, that is the elicited response, not the eliciting protocol. A technique is related to the reflex it probes rather than close to it.
A carrier tone or noise whose amplitude (loudness) is sinusoidally modulated at a target rate. The canonical stimulus for evoking auditory steady-state responses at the modulation frequency.
Amplitude-Modulated Tone/Noise Stimulation
Estimulación con Tonos/Ruido Modulados en Amplitud
Estimulação com Tons/Ruído Modulados em Amplitude
Stimolazione con Toni/Rumore a Modulazione di Ampiezza
Well-established ASSR/entrainment stimulus; the modulation rate, not the carrier, sets the response frequency.
An auditory pulse train (isochronic, monaural, or binaural) and a vibrotactile pulse delivered in phase at the same target rate, so hearing and touch are driven together. Cross-modal: auditory and somatosensory steady-state responses plus multisensory integration.
Arrastamento Áudio-Tátil
Arrastre Audio-Táctil
Audio-Tactile Entrainment
Trascinamento Audio-Tattile
A natural pairing for the BSC breathing/haptic pulse — the isOn breathing-reference voice already drives both the visual breathing animation and the haptic pulse. The tactile channel is Android-only via the Web Vibration API.
AVE
Light and sound pulsed at the same target rate (the classic 'mind machine' / AVE configuration), so auditory and visual driving reinforce one another. Cross-modal: it engages auditory and visual steady-state responses together with multisensory integration.
Arrastamento Audiovisual
Arrastre Audiovisual
Audiovisual Entrainment
Trascinamento Audiovisivo
Combines the auditory and visual flicker constraints; the visual channel is subject to photosensitivity limits. Reported effects on state and EEG are mixed across studies; frame conservatively. At 40 Hz this is the multisensory GENUS configuration.
Stimuli built around auditory illusions — Shepard tones, the missing fundamental, combination tones, binaural spatial illusions — used compositionally.
Auditory Illusion Stimulation
Estimulación con Ilusiones Auditivas
Estimulação com Ilusões Auditivas
Stimolazione con Illusioni Uditive
Mostly aesthetic/compositional; not evidence-bearing neuromodulation unless validated separately.
binaural beats
Two sine tones at slightly different frequencies presented dichotically (one per ear), producing a perceived beat at their difference frequency that arises centrally rather than in the air.
Binaural Beat Stimulation
Estimulación con Pulsaciones Binaurales
Estimulação com Batimentos Binaurais
Stimolazione con Battimenti Binaurali
The most-studied consumer auditory-entrainment technique; effects on EEG and state are reported but mixed across studies.
Q863539 also represents a perceptual phenomenon and a music genre, so a stimulation technique is related to it rather than close to it. Downgraded from exactMatch in the 0.14.0-dev line.
A closed-loop practice in which a measured physiological signal (heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiration, muscle tension, or skin conductance) is rendered back to the individual as sensory feedback so that they can learn to self-regulate that function.
Added from the 2026-07-22 Theo Marins interview; typed as self-directed neuromodulation by ADR 0036.
Deliberately kept as one neutral technique rather than split into narrower neural-only and peripheral-only variants (ADR 0037, RDF-05 of the 2026-07-24 audit): the neural-modulation objective is not equally definitional across its autonomic, muscular, and electrodermal forms, so a narrower neuromodulation-only subtype would misrepresent the peripheral cases. sstim:techNeurofeedback already exists as the separate, narrower technique for which the neural-modulation objective is definitional.
Biofeedback
Self-directed neuromodulation (ADR 0036), marked by the active-self-regulatory engagement mode. Its neuromodulation status is clearest for autonomically mediated forms — heart-rate-variability biofeedback trains vagal and baroreflex regulation; peripheral forms such as EMG muscle biofeedback sit closer to motor self-regulation than to neural modulation, so the neural target is recorded broadly. Auditory biofeedback is the sonification case (sstim-v:techSonification); HRV/paced-breathing biofeedback connects to BSC's Martigli breathing component. Theo Marins (2026-07-22) placed biofeedback closer to neuromodulation than to neurostimulation, which ADR 0036 adopts.
The descriptor is Biofeedback, Psychology and is scoped both autonomically and therapeutically, naming conditions such as hypertension and migraine. This concept includes muscle tension and names no condition, so neither concept contains the other, which is what closeMatch is for.
The item describes the general practice of instrumented awareness of a physiological function in order to influence it, which matches this concept closely.
White, pink, or brown noise presented as a continuous broadband stimulus; a vehicle for stochastic resonance and for masking.
Broadband / Colored-Noise Stimulation
Estimulación con Ruido de Banda Ancha/Coloreado
Estimulação com Ruído de Banda Larga/Colorido
Stimolazione con Rumore a Banda Larga/Colorato
Repeated short impulses (clicks, ticks, grains) presented at a target rate to drive steady-state responses.
Click / Pulse Train Stimulation
Estimulación con Trenes de Clics/Pulsos
Estimulação com Trens de Cliques/Pulsos
Stimolazione con Treni di Click/Impulsi
Strong for probing entrainment, but clicks are perceptually salient and can become fatiguing relative to smoother stimuli.
CLAS
closed-loop auditory stimulation
Sounds delivered at a precise phase of a measured brain or sleep rhythm using EEG or sleep sensors, to reinforce that oscillation.
Closed-Loop Phase-Locked Auditory Stimulation
Estimulación Auditiva en Lazo Cerrado Sincronizada en Fase
Estimulação Auditiva em Malha Fechada Sincronizada em Fase
Stimolazione Uditiva a Circuito Chiuso Sincronizzata in Fase
Strong conceptual fit for sleep slow-oscillation work; requires real-time sensing, so not a client-only lightweight feature.
A steady or slowly changing full-field colour — a coloured light wash or whole-screen field, e.g. a Ganzfeld — used as an ambient visual environment rather than as a periodic driver.
Catalogued for transparency. SSTIM's curated corpus records no evidence of a colour-specific physiological or therapeutic effect ('chromotherapy' / 'colour therapy') — a corpus-scoped status, not a universal claim about the world; see the scoped KnowledgeStatusAssertion at bsclab-evidence:color-field-chromotherapy-negative/status/1 (ADR 0027). Use aesthetically and honestly; do not attach colour-specific health claims.
Color / Chromatic Field Stimulation
Estimulación con Campo Cromático/de Color
Estimulação com Campo Cromático/de Cor
Stimolazione con Campo Cromatico/di Colore
Aesthetic/ambient device; any calming effect is attentional and contextual. A steady (non-flickering) field is not entrainment.
DBS
Electrical stimulation delivered by surgically implanted intracranial electrodes to a deep brain structure with the objective of altering its activity.
Catalogued for domain completeness. Not deliverable by BSC Lab and outside its scope entirely.
Deep Brain Stimulation
Estimulación Cerebral Profunda
Estimulação Cerebral Profunda
Stimolazione Cerebrale Profonda
A clinical neurosurgical method, catalogued so the ontology can describe the implanted-electrode route. It is emphatically outside any consumer or wellness context.
The descriptor is scoped by indication, naming therapy for movement disorders and Parkinson disease, while this concept carries no indication. The two are therefore not interchangeable; narrowMatch would be defensible if that scope note were read as normative rather than as indexing guidance.
Identical technique, described there as a surgical treatment. Treatment framing again, so close rather than exact.
ECT
Brief electrical stimulation applied through scalp electrodes to deliberately induce a generalized seizure under anaesthesia, with the objective of altering brain activity.
Catalogued for domain completeness at the suggestion of Theo Marins (2026-07-22 interview, ADR 0035). Not deliverable by BSC Lab and outside its scope entirely.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Eletroconvulsoterapia
Terapia Electroconvulsiva
Terapia Elettroconvulsivante
A clinical psychiatric neuromodulation method, catalogued only so the ontology can describe the convulsive branch of established brain-stimulation therapy. Emphatically outside any consumer or wellness context and not deliverable by BSC Lab. The induced seizure is the deliberate mechanism, which separates it from stimulation applied merely to probe a response; efficacy and safety remain evidence questions this catalogue does not answer.
The descriptor names the same procedure and adds its principal indications, severe affective disorders and schizophrenia, which this concept does not carry.
The item names the procedure with a thin intension, described only as a medical procedure, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible assertion.
Rhythms with long-range (1/f) correlated variability rather than rigid periodicity, often used to evoke a more natural sense of timing in movement cueing.
Estimulación Rítmica Fractal/Estocástica
Estimulação Rítmica Fractal/Estocástica
Fractal / Stochastic Rhythmic Stimulation
Stimolazione Ritmica Frattale/Stocastica
Recent gait-cueing work distinguishes regular beats from fractal variability; less direct as brainwave entrainment.
A tone whose pitch sweeps over time — vibrato, chirps, adaptive glissandi. Spans both fast modulation (which can evoke frequency-following responses) and slow, breathing-rate modulation (which engages autonomic rather than entrainment pathways).
Estimulación con Tonos Modulados en Frecuencia/Glissandos
Estimulação com Tons Modulados em Frequência/Glissandos
Frequency-Modulated Tone / Chirp / Glide Stimulation
Stimolazione con Toni a Modulazione di Frequenza/Glissati
Typed as the generic technique because entrainment status depends on rate. Slow breathing-paced FM should be distinguished from non-breathing FM voices.
40 Hz auditory stimulation
Auditory stimulation at 40 Hz — 40 Hz clicks, amplitude-modulated tones, or noise — delivered with the defining objective of modulating gamma-band neural oscillatory dynamics, associated with the GENUS research lineage.
40 Hz Auditory Gamma Stimulation
Estimulación Gamma Auditiva de 40 Hz
Estimulação Gama Auditiva de 40 Hz
Stimolazione Gamma Uditiva a 40 Hz
The neural-modulation objective is definitional here, which is why this concept occupies the sensory-route neuromodulation overlap: it is both sensory stimulation and neuromodulation, entering through canonical auditory transduction. Membership asserts intent and route, never that modulation occurs. Human auditory-only evidence is limited; the stronger findings are preclinical and multisensory. Frame as gamma/auditory support or research-facing, never as a treatment for any condition.
Infusion of a neuromodulatory agent into the intrathecal space, targeted at an identified central nervous system site with the objective of altering its activity or function.
Catalogued for domain completeness. A clinical method, not deliverable by BSC Lab.
Administración Intratecal Dirigida de Agente Neuromodulador
Administração Intratecal Dirigida de Agente Neuromodulador
Somministrazione Intratecale Mirata di Agente Neuromodulatore
Targeted Intrathecal Neuromodulatory Agent Delivery
The populated chemical example, included because an empty route category would not demonstrate that the model works. It qualifies as neuromodulation only because the neuromodulatory objective and the identified neural target are definitional; ordinary systemic neuroactive pharmacotherapy does not qualify, since drug administration alone is insufficient.
isochronic tones
A single tone switched on and off at evenly spaced intervals (a gated pulse train) at a target rate; a monaural, single-channel entrainment stimulus.
Estimulación con Tonos Isócronos
Estimulação com Tons Isócronos
Isochronic Tone Stimulation
Stimolazione con Toni Isocroni
The Wikidata item names the same technique. closeMatch rather than exactMatch because the item carries no definition boundary against neighbouring pulsed-tone techniques.
monaural beats
Two close-frequency tones summed in a single channel, producing a physically present amplitude beat at their difference frequency. Distinct from binaural beats, where the beat is a neural construct from dichotic presentation.
Estimulación con Pulsaciones Monoaurales
Estimulação com Batimentos Monoauriculares
Monaural Beat Stimulation
Stimolazione con Battimenti Monoaurali
A thin Wikidata item: it names the technique but supplies little intension, so closeMatch is the strongest defensible assertion.
Entrainment to the higher-order structure of music — tempo, meter, groove, harmonic rhythm, and phrase cycles — rather than to a single modulation frequency.
Arrastamento Estrutural Musical
Arrastre Estructural Musical
Music-Structural Entrainment
Trascinamento Strutturale Musicale
High experiential value; less precise as EEG-band stimulation. Typically a musical layer around clearer entrainment voices.
EEG biofeedback
A closed-loop practice in which a measured brain signal (typically EEG) is rendered back to the individual as sensory feedback so that they can learn to self-regulate that neural activity.
Neurofeedback
Self-directed neuromodulation (ADR 0036): a neuromodulation technique whose agency is the individual's own regulation, marked by the active-self-regulatory engagement mode. The feedback enters through canonical sensory transduction (its declared route) and is presented externally; the neural change itself is the intended effect, recorded on the outcome facet, not asserted as achieved here. Theo Marins (2026-07-22) placed neurofeedback closer to neuromodulation than to neurostimulation, which ADR 0036 adopts.
The descriptor is a technique to self-regulate brain activity presented as feedback, with no therapy framing and no restriction of the measured signal. This concept adds that the signal is typically EEG and that the feedback is rendered sensorily. The closest pair in this tranche; exactMatch is defensible and is not asserted only because the extension test has not been run in both directions.
Described as a type of biofeedback, which agrees with the placement here.
Music or noise with a spectral notch removed around a target frequency, or otherwise spectrally tailored for masking and residual inhibition; associated with tinnitus-oriented sound approaches.
Estimulación con Sonido con Muesca/Intervalado
Estimulação com Som Entalhado/Com Lacunas
Notched / Gapped Sound Stimulation
Stimolazione con Suono a Tacca/Intervallato
Condition-specific (tinnitus); evidence is mixed and claims need care. Not a generic wellness soundscape.
flicker stimulation
photic driving
Periodic visual flicker — a light source or whole-screen field switched or modulated at a target rate — used to drive occipital rhythms at the flicker frequency. The visual counterpart of isochronic/amplitude-modulated auditory entrainment; at alpha rates it can also evoke stroboscopic imagery (the 'flicker' / Dreamachine phenomenon).
Estimulación Visual Fótica/con Parpadeo
Estimulação Visual Fótica/com Cintilação
Photic / Flicker Visual Driving
Stimolazione Visiva Fotica/con Sfarfallio
Subject to photosensitivity exposure limits — model the flicker rate and the photosensitivity comfort boundary via the exposure module (sstim-ex:hasFlickerRateHz, sstim-ex:boundaryPhotosensitivity, ADR 0011). Avoid high-contrast full-field flicker around 15–25 Hz in unscreened users. At 40 Hz this is the GENUS visual-gamma case (preclinical-strongest, contested in humans), which additionally invokes sstim-v:mechGamma40.
Photic Stimulation covers bright flashes and visual patterns used to elicit brain activity during electroencephalography. This concept is the periodic-flicker subset used to drive a rhythm at the flicker frequency, so the descriptor is broader.
432 Hz tuning
Music or tones retuned so that a named reference note (commonly A4) is set to a non-standard frequency such as 432 Hz instead of the standard 440 Hz.
Catalogued for transparency. SSTIM's curated corpus has not assessed a tuning-specific physiological effect for 432 Hz reference-pitch retuning (small unidentified pilots exist, so 'no evidence recorded' would overstate the corpus scope) — a corpus-scoped status, not a universal claim; see the scoped KnowledgeStatusAssertion at bsclab-evidence:reference-pitch-432-inconclusive/status/1 (ADR 0027). A 432 Hz pseudoscience literature exists; use only as a warm aesthetic tuning option, framed honestly — never as a feature benefit or healing claim.
Reafinación del Diapasón
Reafinação do Diapasão
Reference-Pitch Retuning
Riaccordatura del Diapason
A property of the carrier / absolute pitch, orthogonal to any modulation or beat frequency — not brainwave entrainment. Parametrize a stimulus channel with sstim-ex:referencePitchNote / referencePitchHz / retunedFromReferenceHz / pitchShiftCents. Any effect claim must be modeled as music-listening / tuning-preference / psychoacoustic / expectation-mediated, with its own EvidenceAssessmentClaim kept disjoint from EntrainmentBasedTechnique and FrequencyBand evidence.
Honest ceiling: tier 2-3, claim direction mixed/inconclusive. The few small double-blind crossover pilots (e.g. ~4.79 bpm heart-rate reduction for 432 vs 440 Hz, n=33) tested full transposed MUSIC, confounding absolute tuning with overall pitch-lowering and tempo, and none tested a 432 Hz carrier under a binaural/isochronic beat — a modality/population mismatch that discounts any transfer to BSC's use case. At least one 2025 athlete study found 440 Hz more effective for several outcomes. Audit citation venues before use.
rTMS
Repeated magnetic pulses applied by a coil over the scalp, inducing an electric field in underlying tissue, with the objective of altering cortical activity or excitability.
Catalogued for domain completeness. Not deliverable by BSC Lab and not consumer-platform feasible.
Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal Repetitiva
Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana Repetitiva
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Stimolazione Magnetica Transcranica Ripetitiva
Typed as neuromodulation because the modulation objective is definitional for the repetitive protocol. A single-pulse probe used only to elicit and measure a response is stimulation without being neuromodulation, since measuring is not modulating. The induced electric field is an established physical transformation and belongs in the exposure or device description, not in a proposed mechanism; how that field produces a neural response remains an evidence question.
The descriptor is transcranial magnetic stimulation generally, including the single-pulse probe used to assess cortical excitability. This concept is the repetitive protocol, and its own scope note holds that a single pulse used to measure is not neuromodulation, so the descriptor is strictly broader.
The item is transcranial magnetic stimulation as a whole, which contains the repetitive protocol this concept names.
RAS
rhythmic auditory stimulation
A metronome, drum, footstep, or music-based beat used to entrain movement timing and cadence (rhythmic auditory stimulation, RAS).
Estimulación Auditiva Rítmica
Estimulação Auditiva Rítmica
Rhythmic Auditory Cueing
Stimolazione Ritmica Uditiva
Well studied for gait, notably Parkinsonian gait; relevant to movement, walking, and rehabilitation-adjacent uses.
Intentional auditory roughness from closely spaced frequencies, deep amplitude modulation, or harmonic interference, used as a textural/affective device.
Estimulación con Aspereza Psicoacústica/Zonas de Batido
Estimulação com Aspereza Psicoacústica/Zonas de Batimento
Psychoacoustic Roughness / Beating-Zone Stimulation
Stimolazione con Ruvidità Psicoacustica/Zone di Battimento
A perceptual/aesthetic device; can be activating, so it is generally avoided in calming, sleep, or overload-sensitive contexts.
solfeggio frequencies
Music or tones tuned to so-called 'Solfeggio frequencies' (e.g. 432 Hz, 528 Hz) or other arbitrary tunings claimed to carry special healing properties. A specific folk-claim case of reference-pitch retuning.
Catalogued for transparency. SSTIM's curated corpus records no evidence of a tuning-specific effect for 'Solfeggio'/mystical tunings beyond ordinary music and relaxation — a corpus-scoped status, not a universal claim; see the scoped KnowledgeStatusAssertion at bsclab-evidence:solfeggio-tuning-negative/status/1 (ADR 0027). Not an evidence-bearing technique; any use should be framed aesthetically and honestly.
Estimulación con Frecuencias Solfeggio/Afinación Mística
Estimulação com Frequências Solfeggio/Afinação Mística
Solfeggio / Mystical Tuning Stimulation
Stimolazione con Frequenze Solfeggio/Accordatura Mistica
Mapping a physiological or behavioral signal (heart rate, HRV, breathing, motion, gait, attention state) into sound, so the listener hears and can regulate that state.
Sonificación / Biorretroalimentación Auditiva
Sonification / Auditory Biofeedback
Sonificazione / Biofeedback Uditivo
Sonificação / Biofeedback Auditivo
Requires sensors or user interaction; well suited to adaptive sessions and research.
Structured spatial trajectories of sound — HRTF motion, orbiting sources, lateral sweeps, dichotic streams, spatial alternation — rather than simple left/right crossfades.
Estimulación Auditiva Espacial/Dicótica
Estimulação Auditiva Espacial/Dicótica
Spatial / Dichotic Auditory Stimulation
Stimolazione Uditiva Spaziale/Dicotica
Below-threshold or masked spoken messages (affirmations, suggestions) intended to influence behavior or mood without conscious perception.
Catalogued for transparency and explicit negative assertion. Evidence for durable behavioral or mood change from semantic subliminal audio is weak to absent. Not an evidence-bearing technique.
Audio Subliminal Semántico
Audio Subliminale Semantico
Semantic Subliminal Audio
Áudio Subliminar Semântico
tACS
An oscillating electric current applied through scalp electrodes with the objective of altering the amplitude, frequency, or phase of cortical oscillations.
Catalogued for domain completeness. Not deliverable by BSC Lab.
Estimulación Transcraneal por Corriente Alterna
Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Alternada
Stimolazione Transcranica a Corrente Alternata
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation
The direct non-sensory analogue of sensory entrainment: periodic, and targeting oscillatory dynamics. Its intended route is a physical cortical interaction, but reported effects can also arise through transcutaneous peripheral-nerve stimulation. That competing account is an evidence question, recorded on an outcome concept via sstim:outcomeNeuralTargetSite, and it never rewrites this declared intended route.
tDCS
A weak constant electric current applied through scalp electrodes with the objective of altering cortical excitability.
Estimulación Transcraneal por Corriente Continua
Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua
Stimolazione Transcranica a Corrente Continua
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Applied electric current is not by itself brain stimulation — peripheral, muscular, and cardiac applications share the medium and are separated here by route, approach, and target.
The NLM descriptor is the same technique, constant low current through scalp electrodes, and differs only in framing it as therapy where this vocabulary asserts no therapeutic commitment. That framing difference is why closeMatch rather than exactMatch.
Same technique and the same therapy framing as the MeSH descriptor.
LIFU
low-intensity focused ultrasound
Application of spatially focused acoustic energy to an identified neural target with the objective of altering its activity or function.
Focused-Ultrasound Neuromodulation
Neuromodulación por Ultrasonido Focalizado
Neuromodulazione a Ultrasuoni Focalizzati
Neuromodulação por Ultrassom Focalizado
Defined by its intended focused neural target, not by the categorical absence of an audible percept. Auditory or somatosensory co-stimulation and confounds are protocol-dependent and belong in exposure profiles and evidence records; they do not decide the technique's primary class. Requires dedicated hardware and is not consumer web/mobile feasible. Catalogued so the ontology can describe it, never because BSC Lab delivers it.
VNS
Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, by an implanted device or through the skin at an accessible branch, with the objective of altering autonomic neural regulation.
Estimulación del Nervio Vago
Estimulação do Nervo Vago
Stimolazione del Nervo Vago
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Shows why route, approach, and target must stay independent: implanted and transcutaneous variants share a target and a route while differing in approach. Targeting a cranial nerve and the autonomic system says nothing about entering through a sensory system.
The descriptor describes an implanted battery and adjunctive treatment of partial epilepsy and refractory depression. This concept covers implanted and transcutaneous delivery alike and names no indication, so it is the wider of the two.
Described as a medical treatment delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. Same technique, treatment framing.
vibroacoustic therapy
Low-frequency sound delivered through body transducers, chairs, beds, or wearables, so it is felt as well as heard.
Estimulación Vibroacústica
Estimulação Vibroacústica
Stimolazione Vibroacustica
Vibroacoustic Stimulation
Cross-modal: auditory plus tactile-mechanical. Studied in contexts such as fibromyalgia; best treated as its own (partly somatosensory) modality, not pure audio.
Rhythmic vibrotactile pulses delivered to the skin (wrist, fingertips, torso, or a wearable) at a target rate to drive somatosensory cortical rhythms. The tactile counterpart of isochronic auditory entrainment; deliverable on consumer hardware via the Web Vibration API.
Arrastamento com Pulsos Vibrotáteis
Arrastre con Pulsos Vibrotáctiles
Trascinamento con Impulsi Vibrotattili
Vibrotactile Pulse Entrainment
Distinct from vibroacoustic stimulation: here the pulse rate — not low-frequency audio energy — is the driver, and the percept is primarily tactile. Web Vibration API is Android-only; absent on iOS Safari (sstim-v:modalitySomatosensory scope note).
Semantic or phonetic vocal stimulation — guided audio, breath counting, mantra or chant repetition — which can also pace breathing.
Audio Guiado por Voz/Mantra/Canto
Audio Guidato con Voce/Mantra/Canto
Voice / Mantra / Chant Guided Audio
Áudio Guiado por Voz/Mantra/Canto
Powerful experiential layer but semantically intrusive; many designs avoid voice by default to keep stimuli non-distracting.
A closed-loop stimulus whose temporal structure is adjusted in response to a measured signal. Outside current BSC delivery scope; reserved for future biofeedback-driven implementations.
Adaptativo
Adaptive
Adattivo
A stimulus with no repeating period, e.g. calibrated noise for stochastic resonance or a shuffled Symmetry sequence.
Aperiodic
Aperiodico
Aperiódico
An agent administered as a single discrete dose.
Bolo
Bolus
Bólus
An agent administered continuously over time.
Continuous Infusion
Infusione Continua
Infusión Continua
Infusão Contínua
Applied continuously at a sustained level rather than as discrete events, such as a constant direct current.
Continuo/Tonico
Continuo/Tónico
Continuous / Tonic
Contínuo/Tónico
Applied in separated episodes on a schedule rather than continuously.
Intermitente/Programado
Intermittent / Scheduled
Intermittente/Programmato
A stimulus repeating at a fixed period, e.g. an isochronic pulse train or a steady binaural beat.
Periodic
Periodico
Periódico
Discrete pulses delivered in trains or bursts.
Pulse Train / Burst
Trem de Impulsos/Rajada
Tren de Pulsos/Ráfaga
Treno di Impulsi/Raffica
Combinable with a carrier periodicity value: a pulse train may itself be periodic or irregular.
A stimulus that is nearly periodic but slowly modulated, e.g. a Martigli sweep whose breathing period decelerates over the session.
Casi-periódico
Quase-periódico
Quasi-Periodic
Quasi-periodico
A single discrete application, such as one pulse.
Evento Singolo
Evento Único
Single Event
A named frequency interval, 4–8 Hz: between delta and alpha. A conventional ambit rather than a natural boundary — the edges are agreed rather than observed, and differ between sources. It is a Hz range and nothing more; the rhythm delimited by it is a separate term (ADR 0049).
External mapping moved 2026-08-15 (ADR 0049): wd:Q2370623 now maps to sstim-v:thetaOscillation.
Theta
4–8 Hz. The conventional ambit by which the theta rhythm is delimited; the rhythm itself is sstim-v:thetaOscillation.
Frontal midline in humans; hippocampal in intracranial recordings.
Characteristically observed in drowsiness and at sleep onset.
theta rhythm
theta waves
A cortical and hippocampal rhythm delimited conventionally at roughly 4-8 Hz.
Oscilación Theta
Oscilação Teta
Oscillazione Theta
Theta oscillation
Tier 2. Anecdotal reports and case series. No systematic data.
Anecdotal
Anecdótico
Aneddotico
Anedótico
Tier 6. Systematic reviews/meta-analyses with high GRADE confidence; replicated across populations and laboratories.
Consolidato
Estabelecido
Establecido
Established
Tier 4. Multiple studies with generally consistent results; some methodological limitations.
Tier 3. Small controlled studies with directionally consistent results but limited replication.
Preliminar
Preliminare
Preliminary
Tier 1. Theoretical basis only; no controlled human studies.
Especulativo
Speculative
Speculativo
Tier 5. Multiple high-quality RCTs or meta-analyses with consistent results and adequate samples.
Forte
Fuerte
Strong
Offsets came from the clock of the audio device that rendered the stimulus, which is the same clock the stimulus was generated against.
Audio hardware clock
Orologio hardware audio
Reloj de hardware de audio
Relógio de hardware de áudio
Offsets came from a monotonic clock standing in for audio hardware, as in a silent or visual-only session. Ordering is sound; alignment to rendered audio is not claimed, because no audio was rendered.
Monotonic substitute clock
Orologio monotono sostitutivo
Reloj monótono sustituto
Relógio monotónico substituto
Two dichotic sine tones producing a binaural beat at |fr - fl| Hz.
Binaural
Binaurale
A BSC binaural voice is a parameter bundle that can realize binaural beats. It is not identical to the perceptual phenomenon or the music genre the Wikidata item also represents.
Single tone with sinusoidal frequency oscillation following a decelerating breathing arc.
Martigli
Binaural beat combined with Martigli oscillation. Constant beat frequency despite sweeping carriers.
Martigli-Binaural
Martigli-Binaurale
Log-distributed pitch sequence with algebraic group permutation at each cycle. Includes isochronic special case (noctaves=0).
Simetria
Simetría
Simmetria
Symmetry
A BSC Symmetry voice is a parameter bundle whose isochronic pulse train is one realizable output, not the technique itself.